Question 1

Goal orientation,a stable personal trait,can play a role in determining what sorts of persuasive messages will more effectively give rise to the desired behavior?

Accepted Answer

A) internally- or externally-focused 
B) prevention- or promotion-focused 
C) long-term- or short-term-focused 
D) agency- or empathy-focused 
E) Persuaders do not use their perception of targets' goal orientation in their crafting of persuasive messages.

Question 2

Jason has been listening to a talk show concerning animal rights.This is an issue that he cares deeply about and he is very knowledgeable about the topic.Jason is most likely to be persuaded by .

Accepted Answer

A) strong,convincing arguments 
B) any message delivered by an attractive and competent speaker 
C) emotional appeals 
D) irrational arguments delivered by an attractive and competent speaker 
E) any message that challenges his knowledge

Question 3

When we mistakenly believe that others' attitudes are different from our own,we are exhibiting .

Accepted Answer

A) attitude discordance 
B) Stockholm syndrome 
C) pluralistic ignorance

Question 4

When heuristic processing is involved,the degree of persuasion .

Accepted Answer

A) has no detectable effect on our behavior 
B) is not increased by strong arguments in the message 
C) is increased by large numbers of arguments in the message 
D) is increased by strong arguments in the message 
E) is unaffected by personal characteristics of the communicator

Question 5

Experimenters gave people strong arguments to persuade them away from a belief.Some were given coffee,others a placebo.Some were given a high distraction,others a low one.In terms of attitude change,results showed that .

Accepted Answer

A) high distraction showed no difference between the effects of coffee and placebo conditions 
B) low distraction resulted in no difference between the effects of coffee and placebo conditions 
C) high and low distraction conditions produced about the same effect overall 
D) low distraction produced a higher effect in the coffee compared to placebo condition 
E) the coffee condition generally produced a greater focus on peripheral aspects of the message

Question 6

When people have a vested interest in terms of an attitude object,they exhibit greater extremity of attitude about that attitude object.But what other mental or behavior process do these people exhibit?

Accepted Answer

The answer of When people have a vested interest in...

Question 7

A speaker wants to change the attitude of a group of well-educated individuals.Should the speaker use a one-sided or a two-sided approach? Why?

Accepted Answer

The answer of A speaker wants to change the attitude...

Question 8

Simone feels somewhat ambivalent about premarital sex.However,most of her friends seem to be unambiguously in favor of sexual activity before marriage.As a result,in a recent group discussion in her health class,Simone expressed fairly strong opinions in favor of premarital sex,and was avoided voicing her real concerns about the topic.Simone's actions are most likely due to .

Accepted Answer

A) pluralistic ignorance 
B) attitude discordance 
C) impression motivation

Question 9

People tend to prefer situations that allow them to .

Accepted Answer

A) confront behaviors that are inconsistent with their attitudes 
B) carefully consider all alternatives 
C) maintain a match between their attitudes and behavior 
D) display discrepancies between their attitudes and behavior 
E) confront issues inconsistent with their attitudes

Question 10

Wendy,Greta,Tom,and Bill have all made New Year's resolutions to lose weight.Based on the information below,which of them is MOST likely to lose weight?

Accepted Answer

A) Greta,who intends to dramatically reduce her fat intake and tells others that she is greatly committed to her diet. 
B) Bill,who feels that it is important to cut back his calorie intake but is unsure of whether he will need to increase his exercise. 
C) Wendy,who appreciates the importance of regular exercise but says that it is difficult to find the time to do so. 
D) Tom,who wants to lose weight but tells others that he really doesn't understand why people make such a fuss over diet and exercise. 
E) None of these will lose weight.

Question 11

A form of social learning that occurs when responses to a particular stimulus lead to positive outcomes or allow the person to avoid negative outcomes is called .

Accepted Answer

A) the zone of proximal development 
B) instrumental conditioning 
C) classical conditioning 
D) social outcomes learning 
E) observational learning

Question 12

Briefly describe Fazio's attitude-to-behavior process model.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Briefly describe Fazio's attitude-to-behavior process model....

Question 13

Messages that provide a preliminary announcement that the message is intended to change our opinion are .

Accepted Answer

A) as effective as those that do not forewarn us of this attempt 
B) less effective than those that do not forewarn us of this attempt 
C) more effective if the content is humorous,less effective otherwise 
D) more effective than those that do not forewarn us of this attempt 
E) less effective if the content is humorous,more effective otherwise

Question 14

In La Piere's classic study,a young Chinese couple traveled across the U.S.A.and reported being treated courteously at virtually every restaurant and hotel.A follow-up survey asking for attitudes toward Chinese travelers found that .

Accepted Answer

A) the level of service was highly correlated with the attitudes expressed on the survey 
B) the ethnicity of other travelers was highly influential in determining survey responses from managers of hotels and restaurants 
C) social norms generally accounted for the positive attitudes expressed on the survey 
D) most restaurant and hotel managers responded that they would refuse service to Chinese travelers 
E) the researchers had mistakenly surveyed only establishments the couple had not visited

Question 15

The heuristic-systematic model of persuasion suggests that .

Accepted Answer

A) we engage in less effortful processing when we have relatively more knowledge about the message's topic 
B) we engage in less effortful processing when we lack ability or capacity for more careful processing 
C) we engage in less effortful processing when our attitudes and behaviors do not agree with each other 
D) we engage in more effortful processing when we are particularly concerned by the topic of the message 
E) we engage in more effortful processing when our attitudes and behaviors do not agree with each other

Question 16

A message intended to reduce cheating among high school students is more likely to be effective if it is delivered by .

Accepted Answer

A) an elderly teacher 
B) an attractive and popular student 
C) a local politician

Question 17

Attitudes formed on the basis of direct personal experience with the object are generally .

Accepted Answer

A) more likely to have a weak effect on behavior 
B) more likely to have a strong effect on behavior 
C) less likely to have a strong effect on behavior 
D) unlikely to have a permanent effect on behavior 
E) less likely to have any effect on behavior

Question 18

Suppose a breaking news story has occurred involving an incident of terrorism.A certain news station invites a well-respected terrorism scholar to discuss the event.His views will likely be persuasive because he will be seen as .

Accepted Answer

A) credible 
B) one-sided 
C) pluralistic

Question 19

According to the process of instrumental conditioning,behavior will be displayed often by an individual if .

Accepted Answer

A) it is reinforced 
B) the individual sees a role model perform the action 
C) it is ignored 
D) is preceded by a pleasant subliminal stimulus 
E) it is preceded by a pleasant stimulus

Question 20

Marshall wants to pledge Theta Phi fraternity.He may well publicly,believing active member decision-makers will hear of his views.He is,in private, to express those same views.

Accepted Answer

A) badmouth other prospective pledges; quite likely 
B) badmouth other fraternities; unlikely 
C) compliment other fraternities; quite likely 
D) compliment other prospective pledges; quite likely 
E) compliment popular sororities; very likely

Exam 5: Attitudes: Evaluating and Responding to the Social World