Question 1

Which part of the brain is activated when a person tries to remember past events?

Accepted Answer

A)  the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex 
B)  the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex 
C)  the orbital prefrontal cortex 
D)  the medial prefrontal cortex

Question 2

The ability to hold information in short-term memory is limited by:

Accepted Answer

A)  the capacity of STM. 
B)  what one can pay attention to. 
C)  how one encodes the information. 
D)  All of the answers are correct.

Question 3

The phonological loop can retain information for about how long?

Accepted Answer

A)  1/2 second 
B)  2 seconds 
C)  10 seconds 
D)  2 minutes

Question 4

In Baddeley's working-memory model which system monitors and manipulates the working-memory buffers?

Accepted Answer

A)  the visuospatial sketchpad 
B)  the phonological loop 
C)  the central executive 
D)  the iconic memory

Question 5

George Sperling's (1960) experiments on visual sensory memory demonstrated that:

Accepted Answer

A)  briefly presented information cannot be recalled. 
B)  iconic memory lasts for a very long time. 
C)  people could not learn to associate a tone with a visual stimulus. 
D)  people have a very brief visual memory that decays rapidly.

Question 6

In Baddeley's working-memory model, the two short-term memory buffers are called the:

Accepted Answer

A)  phonological loop and central executive. 
B)  visuospatial sketchpad and iconic memory. 
C)  iconic memory and short-term memory. 
D)  phonological loop and visuospatial sketchpad.

Question 7

Summarize the mapping of working-memory functions onto anatomical areas in the brain. For example, indicate which cortical area is responsible for each component of Baddeley's working memory model.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Summarize the mapping of working-memory functions onto...

Question 8

If one wants to retain a list of letters in one's short-term memory, one should:

Accepted Answer

A)  make sure there are no more than two or three letters on the list. 
B)  interrupt the rehearsal frequently. 
C)  try to group them so they form words. 
D)  use the partial-report technique.

Question 9

If one wants to use one's working memory MOST effectively, one should:

Accepted Answer

A)  try to multitask as much as possible. 
B)  keep one's stress levels relatively high. 
C)  focus on one task at a time. 
D)  try to use just one's verbal memory store.

Question 10

Sensory memory:

Accepted Answer

A)  lasts for several minutes. 
B)  uses rehearsal to maintain information. 
C)  decays rapidly. 
D)  lasts longer when a whole-report procedure is used.

Question 11

Which psychiatric problem is one of the most commonly diagnosed in children?

Accepted Answer

A)  depression 
B)  anxiety 
C)  schizophrenia 
D)  ADHD

Question 12

Cats and many other mammals get through life with a frontal lobe that occupies less than _____ percent of their cerebral cortex.

Accepted Answer

A)  2 
B)  4 
C)  6 
D)  8

Question 13

All of the functions of the central executive involve:

Accepted Answer

A)  maintaining verbal information. 
B)  maintaining visuospatial information. 
C)  manipulation of information in sensory memory. 
D)  manipulation of information in short-term memory.

Question 14

Automatic processes:

Accepted Answer

A)  determine what cues should be attended to. 
B)  occur with minimal conscious awareness. 
C)  inhibit reflexive behaviors. 
D)  require focused attention.

Question 15

Compared with long-term memory, short-term memory is:

Accepted Answer

A)  slower to access. 
B)  forgotten more quickly. 
C)  larger in capacity. 
D)  outside of conscious awareness.

Question 16

Which task is used to study stimulus selection and response inhibition in working memory?

Accepted Answer

A)  an N-back task 
B)  the Tower of Hanoi 
C)  the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test 
D)  the Stroop task

Question 17

Suppose a young man is dating two different women. Which part of his working memory would be responsible for keeping track of when and where he has dated with each of them?

Accepted Answer

A)  the phonological loop 
B)  the visuospatial sketchpad 
C)  the iconic memory 
D)  the central executive

Question 18

The area of the brain that is active during rehearsal is the:

Accepted Answer

A)  posterior parietal region. 
B)  occipital area. 
C)  ventrolateral prefrontal cortex. 
D)  dorsolateral prefrontal cortex.

Question 19

Which statement is TRUE regarding the phonological loop?

Accepted Answer

A)  If the material is rehearsed, it can be held in the phonological loop for about 2 seconds. 
B)  If the material is not rehearsed, it disappears from the phonological loop after about 2 seconds. 
C)  If the material is rehearsed, it can be held in the phonological loop for about 10 seconds. 
D)  If the material is not rehearsed, it disappears from the phonological loop after about 10 seconds.

Question 20

One task of working memory is the manipulation of information. Give an example that demonstrates the manipulation of information in working memory.

Accepted Answer

The answer of One task of working memory is the...

Exam 9: Working Memory and Cognitive Control