Question 1

Suppose a child in the hospital gets injections from the nurses, and the child eventually learns to cry as soon as a nurse walks into her room. What is the conditioned response?

Accepted Answer

A)  crying when getting a shot 
B)  crying when the nurse comes in 
C)  fear of the nurse 
D)  fear of the shot

Question 2

Some pet owners use a "clicker" device to train their pets. For example, if a cat owner wants her cat to stay off the bed, she might make a "click" sound with a clicker whenever the cat gets on the bed, and follow it shortly by a squirt of water to the cat. In this example, identify the CS, US, CR, and UR.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Some pet owners use a "clicker" device...

Question 3

Every day when Jessica returns home from work, her daughter gives her a big hug as soon as she walks through the front door. Now, the sight of the front door makes Jessica feel happy. In this example, the conditioned stimulus is:

Accepted Answer

A)  the front door. 
B)  a big hug. 
C)  Jessica's daughter. 
D)  Jessica.

Question 4

It has been suggested that drug addicts should use small amounts of their drug during therapy to extinguish their habit. This is because:

Accepted Answer

A)  the addict will experience less withdrawal. 
B)  drug use is part of the context. 
C)  drug use has become a US. 
D)  the addict will experience fewer cravings.

Question 5

The difference between whether an animal expects the US and whether the US actually occurs is known as:

Accepted Answer

A)  homeostasis. 
B)  a prediction error. 
C)  an error-correction rule. 
D)  latent inhibition.

Question 6

Removing the _____ abolishes conditioned responses.

Accepted Answer

A)  pontine nuclei 
B)  cerebellar cortex 
C)  interpositus nucleus 
D)  inferior olive

Question 7

The mechanisms for classical conditioning in Aplysia involve _____ changes in the neural circuits that connect the _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  presynaptic; CS and UR 
B)  postsynaptic; CS and UR 
C)  presynaptic and postsynaptic; CS and UR 
D)  presynaptic and postsynaptic; CS and CR

Question 8

The final exit point of CR information from the cerebellum is/are the:

Accepted Answer

A)  Purkinje cells in the cerebellar cortex. 
B)  interpositus nucleus. 
C)  inferior olive. 
D)  motor cortex.

Question 9

When a previously acquired association is diminished through repeated presentation of the CS in the absence of the US, it is known as:

Accepted Answer

A)  aversive conditioning. 
B)  appetitive conditioning. 
C)  extinction. 
D)  homeostasis.

Question 10

For humans performing a category-learning task, Gluck and Bower's neural network model can:

Accepted Answer

A)  account for people's ability to actively focus attention on one feature. 
B)  account for people's ability to shift their attention to different features. 
C)  predict how the timing of presentation of the CS and the US will affect learning. 
D)  predict how often a particular categorization will be made.

Question 11

The temporal gap between the onset of CS and the onset of the US is known as:

Accepted Answer

A)  trial-level model 
B)  delay conditioning. 
C)  trace conditioning. 
D)  interstimulus interval.

Question 12

It has been suggested that drug addicts should use small amounts of their drug during therapy to extinguish their habit. This is because:

Accepted Answer

A)  the addict will experience less withdrawal. 
B)  drug use is part of the context. 
C)  drug use has become a US. 
D)  the addict will experience fewer cravings.

Question 13

Because Carrie's friend Emily often brings home-baked goodies when she visits, Carrie feels her mouth water at the sight of Emily. For one week Emily, brought her cousin Michelle with her whenever she visited Carrie. A few weeks later, Carrie bumped into Michelle at the store. In this scenario, blocking would be demonstrated if Carrie:

Accepted Answer

A)  no longer feels her mouth water when she sees Emily. 
B)  still feels her mouth water when she sees Emily. 
C)  does not feel her mouth water when she sees Michelle at the store. 
D)  feels her mouth water when she sees Michelle at the store.

Question 14

If someone blows a puff of air into one's eyes, the person automatically blinks. In this example, the puff of air is a(n):

Accepted Answer

A)  unconditioned stimulus. 
B)  unconditioned response. 
C)  conditioned stimulus. 
D)  conditioned response.

Question 15

The Conditioned Emotional Response was a technique developed to study:

Accepted Answer

A)  emotional response. 
B)  learned fear. 
C)  sound response. 
D)  influence of surroundings.

Question 16

Describe the Siegel et al. study (1982) of heroin tolerance in rats. How are the findings explained by classical conditioning?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the Siegel et al. study (1982)...

Question 17

Drug users sometimes experience an elevated reaction to their drug when they take it in a new environment because the:

Accepted Answer

A)  UR is not present to counteract the CR. 
B)  CR is not present to counteract the UR. 
C)  UR has become stronger through repeated exposure. 
D)  UR has become weaker through repeated exposure.

Question 18

According to the phenomenon of conditioned compensatory response, drug addicts develop a tolerance to their drug because:

Accepted Answer

A)  the drug elicits a UR that becomes weaker over time. 
B)  environmental cues elicit URs that enhance the effect of the drug. 
C)  the drug elicits a CR that enhances the effect of the drug. 
D)  environmental cues elicit CRs that counteract the effect of the drug.

Question 19

What is a conditioned compensatory response? Explain what purpose it serves.

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is a conditioned compensatory response? Explain...

Question 20

When a more salient cue within a compound acquires more of the share of the attention and learning than the less salient cue, it is known as:

Accepted Answer

A)  compound conditioning 
B)  classical conditioning. 
C)  overshadowing. 
D)  aversive conditioning.

Exam 4: Classical Conditioning:

Suppose a child in the hospital gets injections from the nurses, and the child eventually learns to cry as soon as a nurse walks into her room. What is the conditioned response?

Every day when Jessica returns home from work, her daughter gives her a big hug as soon as she walks through the front door. Now, the sight of the front door makes Jessica feel happy. In this example, the conditioned stimulus is:

It has been suggested that drug addicts should use small amounts of their drug during therapy to extinguish their habit. This is because:

The difference between whether an animal expects the US and whether the US actually occurs is known as:

Removing the _____ abolishes conditioned responses.

The mechanisms for classical conditioning in Aplysia involve _ changes in the neural circuits that connect the _.

The final exit point of CR information from the cerebellum is/are the:

When a previously acquired association is diminished through repeated presentation of the CS in the absence of the US, it is known as:

For humans performing a category-learning task, Gluck and Bower's neural network model can:

The temporal gap between the onset of CS and the onset of the US is known as:

It has been suggested that drug addicts should use small amounts of their drug during therapy to extinguish their habit. This is because:

If someone blows a puff of air into one's eyes, the person automatically blinks. In this example, the puff of air is a(n) :

The Conditioned Emotional Response was a technique developed to study:

Describe the Siegel et al. study (1982) of heroin tolerance in rats. How are the findings explained by classical conditioning?

Drug users sometimes experience an elevated reaction to their drug when they take it in a new environment because the:

According to the phenomenon of conditioned compensatory response, drug addicts develop a tolerance to their drug because:

What is a conditioned compensatory response? Explain what purpose it serves.

When a more salient cue within a compound acquires more of the share of the attention and learning than the less salient cue, it is known as: