Question 1

Recordings of activity in the _____ during eyeblink conditioning in rabbits show activity that occurs _____ the response is made.

Accepted Answer

A)  cerebellar cortex; a few milliseconds before 
B)  cerebellar cortex; at the same time as 
C)  interpositus nucleus; a few milliseconds before 
D)  interpositus nucleus; at the same time as

Question 2

The spontaneous recovery of a CR suggests that:

Accepted Answer

A)  the body tends to gravitate toward a state of equilibrium. 
B)  any stimulus can be a CS. 
C)  any stimulus can be a US. 
D)  the CR is not gone after extinction.

Question 3

Lesion studies suggest that the interpositus nucleus is involved in _____, while the cerebellar cortex is involved in _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  response timing; formation and execution of the CR 
B)  formation and execution of the CR; response timing 
C)  computing the degree to which the US is unexpected; formation and execution of the CR 
D)  response timing; computing the degree to which the US is unexpected

Question 4

Suppose a child grows up hearing his parents making derogatory comments about African Americans, and eventually the child comes to have negative feelings about African Americans. What is the conditioned stimulus?

Accepted Answer

A)  the derogatory comments 
B)  the negative feelings 
C)  the African Americans 
D)  the parents

Question 5

If a US occurs just as often without the tone as it does in the presence of the tone, then little or no conditioning will accrue to the tone. This would suggest that animals are sensitive to _____ of the potential CS and the US.

Accepted Answer

A)  causality 
B)  contingency 
C)  cue-outcome 
D)  frequency

Question 6

Describe what happens in the interpositus nucleus as a rabbit is exposed to eyeblink conditioning.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe what happens in the interpositus nucleus...

Question 7

According to the Rescorla-Wagner model, an increase in the association between the CS and US occurs when:

Accepted Answer

A)  the prediction error is zero. 
B)  an unexpected US follows a CS. 
C)  the prediction error is negative. 
D)  a predicted US follows a CS.

Question 8

In Garcia and Koelling's taste-aversion studies, which was an unconditioned stimulus?

Accepted Answer

A)  a tone 
B)  an unfamiliar taste 
C)  a shock 
D)  feeling sick

Question 9

Something that naturally elicits a reflexive response is called a(n):

Accepted Answer

A)  conditioned stimulus. 
B)  unconditioned stimulus. 
C)  conditioned response. 
D)  unconditioned response.

Question 10

With repeated administration of a drug, an organism will require larger and larger doses of the drug in order to achieve the same effect. This is known as:

Accepted Answer

A)  homeostasis. 
B)  blocking. 
C)  extinction. 
D)  tolerance.

Question 11

According to CS modulation theories such as that of Mackintosh, latent inhibition occurs because the:

Accepted Answer

A)  CS is ignored because it doesn't predict anything reliably. 
B)  US is ignored because it doesn't predict anything reliably. 
C)  CS also includes the context. 
D)  CS does not include the context.

Question 12

The phenomenon of blocking demonstrates that:

Accepted Answer

A)  a compound CS cannot be learned. 
B)  a compound US cannot be learned. 
C)  the US must provide nonredundant information. 
D)  the CS must provide nonredundant information.

Question 13

The conditioned stimulus elicits the:

Accepted Answer

A)  conditioned stimulus. 
B)  conditioned response. 
C)  unconditioned stimulus. 
D)  unconditioned response.

Question 14

Consider a blocking experiment in which an animal is first conditioned to associate a light with shock and then is presented with a tone and light together followed by shock. According to CS modulation theories such as that of Mackintosh, blocking would occur because the:

Accepted Answer

A)  tone is ignored. 
B)  light is ignored. 
C)  shock is surprising. 
D)  shock is predictable.

Question 15

Which statement is suggested by the Rescorla-Wagner model?

Accepted Answer

A)  When the CS predicts the US and the expected US occurs, the association between the CS and the US is increased. 
B)  When the CS predicts nothing and an unexpected US occurs, no learning occurs. 
C)  When the CS predicts the US and the expected US does not occur, no learning occurs. 
D)  When the CS predicts the US and the expected US does not occur, the association between the CS and the US is decreased.

Question 16

The unconditioned response occurs:

Accepted Answer

A)  in response to a neutral stimulus. 
B)  after repeated pairings of the conditioned and unconditioned stimuli. 
C)  with training or conditioning. 
D)  without any training or conditioning.

Question 17

In a latent-inhibition paradigm, the animals in the experimental group:

Accepted Answer

A)  sit in the chamber quietly. 
B)  are pre-exposed to the CS. 
C)  are pre-exposed to the US. 
D)  are pre-exposed to a compound CS.

Question 18

When a conditioned compensatory response occurs, the:

Accepted Answer

A)  CR is the opposite of the UR. 
B)  CR is the same as the UR. 
C)  US is the same as the CS. 
D)  US is the same as the CR.

Question 19

The US first activates which brain area?

Accepted Answer

A)  inferior olive 
B)  pontine nuclei 
C)  cerebellar cortex 
D)  interpositus nucleus

Question 20

According to the Rescorla-Wagner model, blocking occurs because:

Accepted Answer

A)  both conditioned stimuli perfectly predict the unconditioned stimulus. 
B)  neither CS perfectly predicts the unconditioned stimulus. 
C)  the CS that is trained in the first phase does not provide any new or predictive information. 
D)  the CS that is added in the second phase does not provide any new or predictive information.

Exam 4: Classical Conditioning:

Recordings of activity in the _ during eyeblink conditioning in rabbits show activity that occurs _ the response is made.