Question 1

Please define the following key terms
-Kongo kingdom

Accepted Answer

The Kingdom of Kongo was a historical kingdom located in west-central Africa in what is now northern Angola, Cabinda, the Republic of the Congo, and the western portion of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. It existed from approximately the 14th century to the early 20th century.

The origins of the Kingdom of Kongo date back to the 14th century when Lukeni lua Nimi conquered several smaller polities and unified them under his rule, founding the kingdom around 1390. The capital of the kingdom was Mbanza Kongo, which is known today as São Salvador in Angola.

The Kingdom of Kongo was one of the most significant and powerful states in the region during its height. It was organized in a hierarchical structure with the king, or Manikongo, at the top, followed by provincial governors, district chiefs, and local village heads. The Manikongo was considered both a political and spiritual leader.

Kongo's society was highly stratified, and it had a complex system of titles and nobility. The kingdom's economy was based on agriculture, trade, and the production of goods such as textiles and pottery. The Kongo people traded with neighboring regions and with European merchants who arrived in the late 15th century. The arrival of the Portuguese in 1483 marked the beginning of a long period of interaction, which included the spread of Christianity, as the Manikongo and many of his subjects converted to Catholicism.

The kingdom's conversion to Christianity did not prevent it from becoming involved in the Atlantic slave trade. Initially, the Kongo kingdom was a source of slaves for Portuguese traders, but over time, the kingdom's involvement in the trade led to internal strife and weakened its structure.

Throughout its history, the Kingdom of Kongo faced various challenges, including internal conflicts, civil wars, and external pressures from Portuguese colonial ambitions. The kingdom's influence declined in the 17th century after a series of succession crises and military defeats. By the 19th century, the Kingdom of Kongo was a shadow of its former self, and it eventually fragmented into a number of smaller states.

The remnants of the kingdom continued to exist until the early 20th century when the last vestiges were absorbed by the colonial powers during the Scramble for Africa. Despite the kingdom's dissolution, the cultural and historical legacy of the Kongo people continues to influence the region to this day.

Question 2

Portugal's initial goal in exploring the west coast of Africa was to gain access to the slave trade.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 3

Samurai warriors were ____ military retainers.

Accepted Answer

A)  Chinese
B)  Japanese
C)  Korean
D)  Vietnamese
E)  Cambodian B

Question 4

Ricci belonged to what order of Christian missionaries?

Accepted Answer

A)  Dominicans
B)  Franciscans
C)  Cluny
D)  Jesuits
E)  Flagellants

Question 5

As the Portuguese explored West Africa,their goal was to divert the ____ that had been so important to the Moroccan Muslims.

Accepted Answer

A)  slave trade
B)  gold
C)  increase in the spread of Islam
D)  Chinese trade
E)  sub-Saharan

Question 6

How did Ricci see Neo-Confucianism?

Accepted Answer

A)  As a form of Christianity
B)  As a distortion of Confucianism
C)  As an improvement over Confucianism
D)  As a form of devil worship
E)  As the true faith

Question 7

Please define the following key terms
-Galileo Galilei

Accepted Answer

The answer of Please define the following key terms
-Galileo Galilei...

Question 8

Please define the following key terms
-Matteo Ricci

Accepted Answer

The answer of Please define the following key terms
-Matteo Ricci...

Question 9

Some Church authorities disagreed with Ricci on the compatibility of which Chinese tradition and Christianity?

Accepted Answer

A)  The divinity of the emperor
B)  Heaven and hell
C)  Confucian laws of morality
D)  Veneration of ancestors
E)  Buddhist goal of nirvana

Question 10

Please define the following key terms
-Zezana

Accepted Answer

The answer of Please define the following key terms
-Zezana...

Question 11

When Ricci arrived in China,he first associated with Buddhist monks,but discovered that to make contact with important court officials who were close to the emperor,he would have to

Accepted Answer

A)  shave his head.
B)  grow a beard.
C)  change his appearance and dress.
D)  learn to speak Chinese.
E)  present lavish and very rich gifts to the emperor.

Question 12

Martin Luther was especially repelled by which church action?

Accepted Answer

A)  Organizing the Crusades
B)  Iconology
C)  The selling of indulgences
D)  Separation of Christianity into Catholicism and Eastern Orthodoxy
E)  Choosing the pope from a gathering of cardinals

Question 13

Please define the following key terms
-Tributary relationship

Accepted Answer

The answer of Please define the following key terms
-Tributary relationship...

Question 14

Ricci's most influential publication was

Accepted Answer

A)  "Chinese Scholar."
B)  "Western Scholar."
C)  "Divine Faith."
D)  The Great Encounter of China and the West.
E)  The True Meaning of the Lord of Heaven.

Question 15

Please define the following key terms
-Martin Luther

Accepted Answer

The answer of Please define the following key terms
-Martin Luther...

Question 16

By 1582,the population of China had reached

Accepted Answer

A)  50 million.
B)  500,000,000.
C)  10 million.
D)  1 million.
E)  120 million.

Question 17

How did Confucian ideology shape the policies and institutions of the Ming Dynasty?

Accepted Answer

The answer of How did Confucian ideology shape the policies...

Question 18

Please define the following key terms
-Nur Jahan

Accepted Answer

The answer of Please define the following key terms
-Nur Jahan...

Question 19

What was the concern of King Afonso when he wrote to the King of Portugal?

Accepted Answer

A)  The Kongo kingdom was not getting a fair share in the slave trade.
B)  Portugal was taxing the Kongo unfairly.
C)  European Christians had lost interest in spreading the faith.
D)  His son had not been received in the Lisbon court.
E)  He had not received a Portuguese emissary.

Question 20

In 1571 Ming officials decided that all tax payments must be made in

Accepted Answer

A)  grain.
B)  gold.
C)  silver.
D)  salt.
E)  jade.

Exam 2: Maritime Expansion in Afro-Eurasia,1500–1700

Please define the following key terms -Kongo kingdom

Portugal's initial goal in exploring the west coast of Africa was to gain access to the slave trade.

Samurai warriors were ____ military retainers.

Ricci belonged to what order of Christian missionaries?

As the Portuguese explored West Africa,their goal was to divert the ____ that had been so important to the Moroccan Muslims.

How did Ricci see Neo-Confucianism?

Please define the following key terms -Galileo Galilei

Please define the following key terms -Matteo Ricci

Some Church authorities disagreed with Ricci on the compatibility of which Chinese tradition and Christianity?

Please define the following key terms -Zezana