Question 1

Which of these arguments about stratification is a structural-functional theory?

Accepted Answer

A)   Stratification is needed because it ensures that people with the right abilities end up in the right positions.
B)   Stratification is based on power relations that are structured into society.
C)   Stratification is in all societies, but only becomes inequality at the face-to-face level.
D)   When societies are structured poorly, they have dysfunctional ways to stratify people. A

Question 2

How does world-systems theory view the world? Describe the categories that the world-systems theory uses to divide up the world. Further, how do core nations benefit from the periphery?

Accepted Answer

Answers will vary but should identify that world-systems theory sees the world as a single economic system with two main categories: the core and the periphery, which are defined in relationship to the economy. The core includes the wealthiest industrialized countries. The periphery includes countries dependent on (and exploited by) the core nation-states. The core includes countries such as the United States, Australia, and Japan; the periphery includes most African countries, as well as parts of Asia, the Middle East, and South America. Some countries are in the "semiperiphery," such as Eastern Europe and Thailand. Countries became categorized based on colonization during its early phases. Core nations benefit from periphery by exploiting their labor and natural resources. They can keep the periphery focused on narrow, export-oriented economies, instead of developing industrial capacity and producing goods for the domestic market. The periphery's cheap labor helps corporations in the core make stronger profits. The power imbalance allows the core to dictate loan terms to the periphery.

Question 3

According to the ______ perspective, certain occupations, such as airplane pilots and Supreme Court judges, require a great deal of education and must be rewarded with higher salaries and extensive benefit packages.

Accepted Answer

A)   conflict
B)   inter/actionist
C)   structural/functional
D)   feminist perspective C

Question 4

Julia is a highly paid actress who likes expensive clothing and inexpensive jewelry and reads comic books as well as best-selling books. From this example, it could be said that Julia is a ______.

Accepted Answer

A)   cultural feeder
B)   cultural omnivore
C)   status offender
D)   cultural dissident

Question 5

What was the purpose of the first foreign aid given in the contemporary era of foreign aid? Who gave foreign aid, under what plan, and to whom?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What was the purpose of the first...

Question 6

______ defined social class as a division between the capitalists, who owned the means of production, and the proletariat, who lacked the means of production, thus creating a hierarchical stratification system.

Accepted Answer

A)   Max Weber
B)   Émile Durkheim
C)   Auguste Comte
D)   Karl Marx

Question 7

Identify and discuss three basic reasons that poverty persists according to sociological research.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Identify and discuss three basic reasons that...

Question 8

Most internet sites are in 10 languages, and this disadvantages those in the Global South who do not typically speak these languages.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Countries that industrialized relatively recently are commonly found in the middle-income category range.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a major area of global inequality according to the text?

Accepted Answer

A)   the digital divide in internet access
B)   global health inequalities
C)   global transportation inequalities
D)   the global stratification of garbage disposal

Question 11

Many actors and actresses earn millions each year and display their wealth by living in upscale mansions and driving expensive vehicles. This is an example of ______.

Accepted Answer

A)   stratified consumption
B)   conspicuous consumption
C)   dangerous consumption
D)   ranked consumption

Question 12

______ refers to the loss of high-paying manufacturing jobs, resulting in the decline of the middle class who end up in low-paying service jobs.

Accepted Answer

A)   Deindustrialization
B)   Industrialization
C)   McDonaldization
D)   Desegregation

Question 13

Government efforts in the wake of the recession (e.g., bailing out banks and investment companies) greatly aided the lower class, but did little or nothing for the middle class.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Which of the following is a major reason for the decline in the middle class between 1967 and 2013?

Accepted Answer

A)   a higher minimum wage
B)   fewer unionized jobs, especially in the manufacturing sector
C)   more mothers entering the workplace
D)   student loans and credit card debt

Question 15

One of the greatest advantages of the wealthy is their ability to maintain their social class across ______.

Accepted Answer

A)   relationships
B)   generations
C)   time
D)   place

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT a stage in Walt Rostow's modernization theory?

Accepted Answer

A)   the traditional stage
B)   the production stage
C)   the takeoff stage
D)   the high mass consumption stage

Question 17

The OECD specifies that foreign aid must meet which of the following standards?

Accepted Answer

A)   The aid must be paid in Bitcoin.
B)   It must have an interest rate that is at least 25 percent below market rate.
C)   It must turn a profit.
D)   The United States must be involved in lending.

Question 18

In global stratification, the ______ has dominated, controlled, exploited, and oppressed the ______.

Accepted Answer

A)   West; East
B)   bigger continents; smaller continents
C)   Global South; Global North
D)   Global North; Global South

Question 19

When a lower-class person buys an imitation item of the upper class to imitate the upper-class position, this is known as ______.

Accepted Answer

A)   imitative stratification
B)   conspicuous consumption
C)   a cultural omnivore
D)   stratified consumption

Question 20

Many people consider themselves to be middle class, but the text defines the middle class by the following criteria: ______.

Accepted Answer

A)   a family of four that makes between $35,000 and $100,000 per year
B)   an individual who makes between $50,000 and $100,000 per year
C)   a family of four that has two working parents and owns a home
D)   an individual who is employed and owns assets worth $50,000 to $100,000

Exam 7: Social Stratification in the United States and Globally

Which of these arguments about stratification is a structural-functional theory?

How does world-systems theory view the world? Describe the categories that the world-systems theory uses to divide up the world. Further, how do core nations benefit from the periphery?

According to the ______ perspective, certain occupations, such as airplane pilots and Supreme Court judges, require a great deal of education and must be rewarded with higher salaries and extensive benefit packages.

Julia is a highly paid actress who likes expensive clothing and inexpensive jewelry and reads comic books as well as best-selling books. From this example, it could be said that Julia is a ______.

What was the purpose of the first foreign aid given in the contemporary era of foreign aid? Who gave foreign aid, under what plan, and to whom?

______ defined social class as a division between the capitalists, who owned the means of production, and the proletariat, who lacked the means of production, thus creating a hierarchical stratification system.

Identify and discuss three basic reasons that poverty persists according to sociological research.

Most internet sites are in 10 languages, and this disadvantages those in the Global South who do not typically speak these languages.

Countries that industrialized relatively recently are commonly found in the middle-income category range.

Which of the following is NOT a major area of global inequality according to the text?

Many actors and actresses earn millions each year and display their wealth by living in upscale mansions and driving expensive vehicles. This is an example of ______.

______ refers to the loss of high-paying manufacturing jobs, resulting in the decline of the middle class who end up in low-paying service jobs.

Government efforts in the wake of the recession (e.g., bailing out banks and investment companies) greatly aided the lower class, but did little or nothing for the middle class.

Which of the following is a major reason for the decline in the middle class between 1967 and 2013?

One of the greatest advantages of the wealthy is their ability to maintain their social class across ______.

Which of the following is NOT a stage in Walt Rostow's modernization theory?

The OECD specifies that foreign aid must meet which of the following standards?

In global stratification, the has dominated, controlled, exploited, and oppressed the .

When a lower-class person buys an imitation item of the upper class to imitate the upper-class position, this is known as ______.

Many people consider themselves to be middle class, but the text defines the middle class by the following criteria: ______.