Question 1

The process by which several researchers review another researcher's manuscript prior to publication to ensure research quality is referred to as ____________

Accepted Answer

A) peer review 
B) critical analysis 
C) hypothesis testing 
D) quality control 
E) investigative inquiry

Question 2

Read the following scenario and answer the question below.
Pablo and Johanna have to do a yearlong study for their biology course. After some discussion, they decide to try comparing their dogs and the diet that they feed them to test their hypothesis that the local veterinarian's special dog food mix will enhance growth and development. Each student adopts a puppy from the local pound. Pablo plans to feed his shepherd- mix dog the special diet, while Johanna plans to use generic dry kibble from the supermarket for her bulldog.
-One dependent variable in this study will be _________

Accepted Answer

A) how much the dogs grow 
B) the age of the dogs 
C) the sex of the dogs 
D) the breed of the dogs 
E) the type of food the dogs receive

Question 3

To determine your specific impacts on the environment, you can ____________

Accepted Answer

A) measure local air pollution and its impacts on your health 
B) measure the volume and type of all the wastes you contribute to the municipal waste stream 
C) calculate your ecological footprint 
D) determine your current water pollution impact 
E) calculate the biodiversity of your local community

Question 4

Ruben has a new puppy named Paddington and wants to feed him the best possible food. He decides on an experiment where he will feed Paddington the very best canned food plus a dietary supplement of vitamins recommended by a veterinarian. Which of the following best describes Ruben's project?

Accepted Answer

A) Ruben needs to take careful measurements of Paddington's weight and height at least once a week for it to be a good experiment. 
B) This is an example of an excellent, controlled experiment as it is written. 
C) Ruben needs to use his mother's 6- year- old chocolate Sharpei named Scout to feed a standard diet so he can compare Paddington to a control dog. 
D) This is not an experiment-there are no controls or replicates. 
E) Ruben needs to control for the amount of exercise, sunshine, water, and care that Paddington gets each week, so that they are equal from week to week.

Question 5

You have read about the mistakes made on Easter Island. On Tikopia, another small island, the people acted in other ways. When they realized that the pigs they had imported were damaging the environment, they killed them all. They had to have permission from a chief to fish, which prevented overfishing. They also practiced contraception. These actions all indicate that ____________.

Accepted Answer

A) they felt that everything was a nonrenewable resource 
B) they believed in full resource utilization 
C) they were concerned with only one year at a time 
D) they truly practiced sustainability 
E) they felt that everything was a renewable resource

Question 6

Read the following scenario and answer the question below.
After meeting with their instructor, Pablo and Johanna know that they need to change their experimental design. They contact a local puppy farm and arrange to do their study with 3- month- old litters of pups from four Irish setters, for a total of 24 puppies consisting of 12 females and 12 males.
-Pablo and Johanna should probably run the experiment _________

Accepted Answer

A) for several months, weighing and measuring the pups twice every day 
B) for several months, weighing and measuring the pups before and after 
C) for at least three years, weighing and measuring the pups every week 
D) for several months, weighing and measuring the pups every week 
E) for one month, weighing and measuring the pups before and after

Question 7

Expectation of experimental outcome

Accepted Answer

A) dependent variable 
B) theory 
C) qualitative data 
D) interdisciplinary science 
E) ecology
F)prediction
G)paradigm
H)quantitative data
I)independent variable
J)social science
K)environmentalism
L)hypothesis

Question 8

In a manipulative experiment ____________

Accepted Answer

A) the peer review process is bypassed 
B) replication of the experiment is not necessary 
C) the motive is economic gain, so scientists manipulate the data 
D) researchers manipulate the independent variable 
E) researchers manipulate as many variables as possible

Question 9

Geothermal energy, wind energy, and solar radiation are all examples of ____________.

Accepted Answer

A) biodegradable materials 
B) nonrenewable resources 
C) biodiversity 
D) biotic environmental factors 
E) renewable environmental resources

Question 10

A study's results are deemed worthy of acceptance into the body of scientific knowledge if they are published in journals which ____________.

Accepted Answer

A) meet guidelines advocated by environmentalists or consumer groups 
B) use the peer review process 
C) are funded by corporations funding the research 
D) conform to current political and religious views 
E) charge a high fee for acceptance

Question 11

You are hired by a pesticide company to determine whether its new pesticide ("Zap- em")is effective at controlling soybean aphids, an invasive species that costs American farmers millions of dollars a year in crop damage and control costs. Describe an experiment you would perform to test the effectiveness of Zap- em.

Accepted Answer

The answer of You are hired by a pesticide company...

Question 12

Qualitative data _________

Accepted Answer

A) are data that are expressed as numbers and can be tested using statistics 
B) cannot be replicated 
C) have variables that have not been properly manipulated 
D) cannot be used to support or disprove hypotheses 
E) can be acquired in the detailed examination of personal interviews or observations

Question 13

An environmental scientist is least likely to be involved with which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) determining the best fuel to generate electricity for a growing city in Arizona 
B) launching NASA satellites that monitor changes in carbon dioxide production on Earth 
C) helping a rancher determine the best ways to rotate herds of cattle to reduce erosion 
D) studying the relationship between soil fungi and aspen trees in areas that are being restored after oil sand mining 
E) studying X- ray emissions for evidence of black holes

Question 14

In a controlled experiment,____________.

Accepted Answer

A) the researcher has several hypotheses, one of which will be proven correct 
B) you need only a single experimental organism which is tested again and again 
C) the researcher knows the outcome before beginning the experiment 
D) the researcher controls for the effects of only one variable 
E) the researcher controls for the effects of all variables except one

Question 15

Which of the following best embodies the qualities of a scientific theory?

Accepted Answer

A) All gases, liquids, and solids consist of atoms. 
B) Dangerous wildfires in California could be avoided by better fire prevention strategies. 
C) Squirrels in central Illinois prefer to build their nests in oak trees instead of hickory trees. 
D) Prairies that have larges herds of bison show greater plant diversity than prairies without bison. 
E) Students who study for their environmental science exams will perform better on those exams than those who do not.

Question 16

Ecosystem services ____________.

Accepted Answer

A) are actions humans must take in order to protect and serve the environment 
B) are valuable to natural systems but not to human- created systems 
C) contribute to keeping ecosystems productive 
D) are economically valuable services provided by natural systems 
E) are required to rebalance natural systems that we have disturbed

Question 17

Pesticide use ____________

Accepted Answer

A) will be eliminated as pests decrease as a consequence of years of pesticide use 
B) may be a necessary part of modern technological agriculture 
C) will not be a problem as we learn to genetically modify predators 
D) can be eliminated by changing the season when crops are planted 
E) poses no environmental threat in this country

Question 18

Type of discipline describing environmental science

Accepted Answer

A) dependent variable 
B) theory 
C) qualitative data 
D) interdisciplinary science 
E) ecology
F)prediction
G)paradigm
H)quantitative data
I)independent variable
J)social science
K)environmentalism
L)hypothesis

Question 19

Read the following scenario and answer the question below.
Pablo and Johanna have to do a yearlong study for their biology course. After some discussion, they decide to try comparing their dogs and the diet that they feed them to test their hypothesis that the local veterinarian's special dog food mix will enhance growth and development. Each student adopts a puppy from the local pound. Pablo plans to feed his shepherd- mix dog the special diet, while Johanna plans to use generic dry kibble from the supermarket for her bulldog.
-Pablo and Johanna have too many _________

Accepted Answer

A) controlled variables and not enough uncontrolled variables 
B) replicates and not enough variables 
C) independent variables and not enough dependent variables 
D) variables that they didn't control and not enough replicates 
E) dependent variables and not enough independent variables

Question 20

Widely accepted, well- tested explanation of one or more cause- and- effect relationships

Accepted Answer

A) dependent variable 
B) theory 
C) qualitative data 
D) interdisciplinary science 
E) ecology
F)prediction
G)paradigm
H)quantitative data
I)independent variable
J)social science
K)environmentalism
L)hypothesis

Exam 1: Science and Sustainability: an Introduction to Environmental Science

The process by which several researchers review another researcher's manuscript prior to publication to ensure research quality is referred to as ____________

To determine your specific impacts on the environment, you can ____________

Ruben has a new puppy named Paddington and wants to feed him the best possible food. He decides on an experiment where he will feed Paddington the very best canned food plus a dietary supplement of vitamins recommended by a veterinarian. Which of the following best describes Ruben's project?

Expectation of experimental outcome

In a manipulative experiment ____________

Geothermal energy, wind energy, and solar radiation are all examples of ____________.

A study's results are deemed worthy of acceptance into the body of scientific knowledge if they are published in journals which ____________.

Qualitative data _________

An environmental scientist is least likely to be involved with which of the following?

In a controlled experiment,____________.

Which of the following best embodies the qualities of a scientific theory?

Ecosystem services ____________.

Pesticide use ____________

Type of discipline describing environmental science

Widely accepted, well- tested explanation of one or more cause- and- effect relationships