Question 1

In the formal operational stage, adolescents begin to think more as a scientist thinks, devising plans to solve problems and systematically testing solutions. This type of problem solving requires:

Accepted Answer

A)  trial-and-error reasoning. 
B)  hypothetical-deductive reasoning. 
C)  concrete operational reasoning. 
D)  preconventional reasoning.

Question 2

Which of the following was NOT a criticism made by the Carnegie Foundation in its evaluation of U.S. middle schools?

Accepted Answer

A)  Students are too trusting of their teachers. 
B)  The schools are too large. 
C)  The curriculum was irrelevant. 
D)  Students lacked access to counseling.

Question 3

Penny has been diagnosed as suffering from bulimia nervosa. Her story is typical in that it began with an episode of dieting. It is most likely that she:

Accepted Answer

A)  has a positive body image. 
B)  also suffers from anorexia. 
C)  is severely underweight. 
D)  falls within a normal weight range.

Question 4

Gabriel said to his son, "I can tell you are getting smarter because you can talk about things like democracy and freedom in a more philosophical way." Basically, Gabriel is saying his son is capable of:

Accepted Answer

A)  inductive logic. 
B)  preoperations. 
C)  conservation. 
D)  abstract thinking.

Question 5

Even though Harper's daughter is displaying signs of anorexia nervosa, she didn't think it was possible because only slightly less than _____ of girls in the United States develop anorexia nervosa.

Accepted Answer

A)  1% 
B)  10% 
C)  5% 
D)  15%

Question 6

Slightly less than _____ of girls in the United States will develop anorexia nervosa and another _____ are estimated to develop bulimia nervosa.

Accepted Answer

A)  1%; 2% 
B)  2%; 4% 
C)  5%; 5% 
D)  5%; 10%

Question 7

It's Friday night and Phillipe's parents are going out for dinner. "Would you like to come with us?" they ask. Phillipe turns down the invitation, saying, "I can't be seen with my parents on Friday night. That's too embarrassing!" He is displaying the characteristic of:

Accepted Answer

A)  personal fable. 
B)  imaginary audience. 
C)  fight-or-flight response. 
D)  top-dog phenomenon.

Question 8

Brian's mom was watching him play basketball and noticed, for the first time, that he has significant hair in his armpits now. She knows this means Brian is:

Accepted Answer

A)  about to begin puberty. 
B)  has just started puberty. 
C)  is almost finished with puberty. 
D)  has completed puberty.

Question 9

In 1989, the Carnegie Foundation made several recommendations for how to improve middle and junior high schools. Imagine you are a middle school principal and can institute any changes you want. Based on these recommendations, describe three things you would do to create more effective schools for adolescents.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In 1989, the Carnegie Foundation made several...

Question 10

While there are valid criticisms of Piaget's work, scholars recognize his many contributions. Describe three contributions to the understanding of children's cognitive development made by Piaget.

Accepted Answer

The answer of While there are valid criticisms of Piaget's...

Question 11

Anorexia nervosa is about _____ likely to occur in females than males.

Accepted Answer

A)  twice more 
B)  10 times more 
C)  half as 
D)  three times more

Question 12

What are the characteristics of the formal operational stage? What are some typical high school classes that require abstract thinking?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What are the characteristics of the formal...

Question 13

In the last half of the twentieth century and the first several years of the twenty-first century, U.S. high school dropout rates:

Accepted Answer

A)  increased. 
B)  declined. 
C)  remained unchanged. 
D)  plateaued.

Question 14

A girl's first menstruation is called _____ and usually comes _____ in the process of puberty.

Accepted Answer

A)  gonadarche; early 
B)  gonadarche; late 
C)  menarche; early 
D)  menarch; late

Question 15

Peter and Roland are trying to figure out if they can mow the yard before they go to soccer practice. Peter says, "Let's just try it." Roland says, "We can figure this out. Walk with the mower across the yard and I'll time you. Then we'll estimate how may swipes it will take and get a total time." Roland is thinking like someone using _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  idealism 
B)  concrete operations 
C)  hypothetical-deductive reasoning 
D)  conservation

Question 16

When students make the transition to middle or junior high school, they experience the _____ phenomenon, moving from being the oldest, biggest, and most powerful students in the elementary school to being the youngest, smallest, and least powerful students in the middle or junior high school.

Accepted Answer

A)  big-brother 
B)  top-dog 
C)  domino effect 
D)  underdog

Question 17

Almost half of all deaths from 15 to 24 years of age are due to:

Accepted Answer

A)  a chronic disease. 
B)  suicide. 
C)  homicide. 
D)  unintentional injuries.

Question 18

Which of the following monitors eating and sex?

Accepted Answer

A)  Amygdala 
B)  Hypothalamus 
C)  Pituitary gland 
D)  Gonads

Question 19

Controlling one's attention, reducing interfering thoughts, avoiding distractions, and being cognitively flexible are elements of:

Accepted Answer

A)  cognitive control. 
B)  hypothetical-deductive reasoning. 
C)  postformal operations. 
D)  personal fable.

Question 20

In a single act of unprotected sex with an infected partner, a teenage girl has a ______ risk of contracting gonorrhea.

Accepted Answer

A)  20% 
B)  30% 
C)  40% 
D)  50%

Exam 9: Physical and Cognitive Development in Adolescence