Question 1

The area of greatest visual acuity is the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  lens 
B)  fovea centralis 
C)  optic disc 
D)  posterior chamber 
E)  blind spot

Question 2

Which of the following definitions best describes the timbre of sounds?

Accepted Answer

A)  Loudness 
B)  Amplitude 
C)  Wave frequency 
D)  Resonance quality 
E)  Pitch

Question 3

Match the structure associated with the eye with the appropriate description.
-Palpebrae

Accepted Answer

A) The angle where the eyelids join 
B) The space between the two eyelids 
C) Another name for the eyelids 
D) The membrane that covers the inner surface of the eyelids 
E) The membrane that covers the anterior sclera of the eye

Question 4

The photoreceptor cells are located

Accepted Answer

A)  on the surface of the retina. 
B)  in the ganglionic layer of the retina. 
C)  in the photoreceptive layer of the retina. 
D)  in the choroid layer of the retina. 
E)  in the pigment cell layer of the retina.

Question 5

Which of the following statements concerning vision is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  Rods cannot detect color. 
B)  The visual pigment of cones is iodopsin. 
C)  Most of the optic tract axons terminate in the lateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus. 
D)  Association neurons in the inner retinal layers modify signals of rods and cones. 
E)  Most of the optic tract axons terminate in the medial geniculate nucleus of the thalamus.

Question 6

Damage to the left side of the brain near the visual cortex could result in which of the following visual changes?

Accepted Answer

A)  Loss of temporal visual fields from both eyes 
B)  Loss of nasal visual fields from both eyes 
C)  Loss of right visual fields from both eyes 
D)  Loss of left visual fields from both eyes 
E)  None of the choices are correct.

Question 7

Which of the following cranial nerves does NOT innervate extrinsic eye muscles?

Accepted Answer

A)  Oculomotor 
B)  Abducens 
C)  Trochlear 
D)  Optic

Question 8

Light and dark adaptation involve

Accepted Answer

A)  pupillary reflexes. 
B)  variations in rod and cone function. 
C)  changes in the amount of available rhodopsin. 
D)  All of the choices are correct.

Question 9

When rhodopsin is exposed to light,

Accepted Answer

A)  more rhodopsin is formed. 
B)  retinal separates from opsin. 
C)  the cones generate action potentials. 
D)  free retinal is converted to vitamin A. 
E)  retinal becomes more attached to opsin.

Question 10

Match the description with the most appropriate ear structure.
-Endolymph

Accepted Answer

A) Structures that produce earwax 
B) Fluid in the membranous labyrinth 
C) Fluid between the membranous and bony labyrinth 
D) Ossicles connect this structure to eardrum 
E) Connects the middle ear to the pharynx

Question 11

Glaucoma is a state of elevated pressure within the eye that occurs when the ________ is obstructed so the aqueous humor is not reabsorbed as fast as it is secreted.

Accepted Answer

A)  scleral venous sinus 
B)  posterior chamber 
C)  anterior chamber 
D)  lacrimal punctum 
E)  tarsal gland opening

Question 12

Which of the following correctly describes the vestibular projection pathway to the brain?

Accepted Answer

A)  Vestibular nerve - vestibulocochlear nerve - vestibular nuclei - thalamus - cerebral cortex 
B)  Vestibulocochlear nerve - vestibular nerve - vestibular nuclei - thalamus - cerebral cortex 
C)  Vestibular nerve - vestibulocochlear nerve - thalamus - vestibular nuclei - cerebral cortex 
D)  Vestibulocochlear nerve - vestibular nerve - thalamus - vestibular nuclei - cerebral cortex

Question 13

To which colors are the three different kinds of cones sensitive?

Accepted Answer

A)  Blue, red, and yellow 
B)  Red, blue, and green 
C)  Red, violet, and yellow 
D)  Violet, green, and blue 
E)  Orange, indigo, and violet

Question 14

Binocular vision gives one depth perception, which is the ability to distinguish between near and far objects.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Arrange the following in correct sequence:
(1) Taste cell depolarizes.
(2) Action potential stimulated in sensory neuron associated with taste cell.
(3) Food substance dissolves in saliva.
(4) Neurotransmitter released by taste cell.
(5) Food substance enters taste pore and attaches to receptor on taste hair.

Accepted Answer

A)  5, 4, 1, 2, 3 
B)  3, 5, 1, 4, 2 
C)  5, 3, 1, 4, 2 
D)  3, 1, 4, 5, 2 
E)  3, 2, 1, 5, 4

Question 16

Taste buds

Accepted Answer

A)  can perceive seven basic tastes. 
B)  are replaced approximately every 30 days. 
C)  can only perceive taste if the molecules are in solution. 
D)  can be found covering both the superior and inferior surfaces of the tongue. 
E)  have axons and generate their own action potentials.

Question 17

You can smell the fragrance of your deodorant when you just put it on, but after a little while the smell fades. What explains this phenomenon?

Accepted Answer

A)  The sensory projection of olfaction 
B)  The projection pathway of olfaction 
C)  The tonic nature of olfaction 
D)  The phasic nature of olfaction 
E)  The fast adaptation of the olfactory cortex to the smell of your deodorant

Question 18

Which of the following are associated with the retina?

Accepted Answer

A)  Lens and cones 
B)  Ciliary muscles and iris 
C)  Pupil and cornea 
D)  Suspensory ligaments 
E)  Rods and cones

Question 19

For which of the following special senses are the receptor cells bipolar neurons?

Accepted Answer

A)  Equilibrium 
B)  Hearing 
C)  Olfaction 
D)  Taste

Question 20

The cornea

Accepted Answer

A)  is highly vascular. 
B)  maintains the shape of the eye. 
C)  is white like the rest of the sclera. 
D)  is part of the focusing system of the eye. 
E)  does not contain connective tissue.

Exam 15: The Special Senses