Question 1

A condition characterized by abdominal pain and bloating, diarrhea, and/or constipation is known as

Accepted Answer

A)  irritable bowel syndrome. 
B)  peptic ulcers. 
C)  gastroesophageal reflux disease. 
D)  gallstones.

Question 2

Match the following organelles with their functions in the cell.
-Peroxisome

Accepted Answer

A) Mediates the linking together of amino acids to form proteins 
B) Packages newly synthesized proteins for export from the cell 
C) Involved in protein and lipid synthesis, detoxification of harmful substances, and calcium storage in the cell 
D) Destroys toxic products within the cell 
E) Digests foreign proteins and worn-out cell components

Question 3

The constant turnover of body tissues requires the ________ supplied by carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids.

Accepted Answer

A)  chemical energy 
B)  structural components 
C)  vitamins 
D)  hormones

Question 4

The epiglottis

Accepted Answer

A)  covers the opening of the stomach. 
B)  prevents food from entering the windpipe during swallowing. 
C)  regulates the movement of chyme from the stomach into the small intestine. 
D)  transports a bolus of food from the mouth to the stomach.

Question 5

What is one function of the pyloric sphincter?

Accepted Answer

A)  Controls the release of pancreatic secretions into the small intestine 
B)  Prevents stomach contents from backing up into the esophagus 
C)  Controls the passage of chyme from the stomach into the small intestine 
D)  Prevents the backward movement of feces from the large intestine into the small intestine

Question 6

Match the following with the descriptions below.
-Muscle tissue

Accepted Answer

A) Type of tissue that holds different structures in the body together 
B) Collection of cells adapted to perform a specific function 
C) Type of tissue adapted to contract, to cause movement 
D) Type of tissue composed of highly branched, elongated cells that transport nerve impulses from one part of the body to another 
E) Surface cells that line the outside of the body and all external passages within it
F)Group of tissues designed to perform a specific function

Question 7

The most active area for the absorption of nutrients into the blood or lymph is the

Accepted Answer

A)  stomach. 
B)  small intestine. 
C)  large intestine. 
D)  liver.

Question 8

Which hormone functions in the regulation of the body's metabolic rate?

Accepted Answer

A)  Thyroid hormone 
B)  Insulin 
C)  Vitamin D 
D)  Glucagon

Question 9

What substance helps suspend fat in a watery digestive mixture, making fat more available to digestive enzymes?

Accepted Answer

A)  Bicarbonate 
B)  Mucus 
C)  Bile 
D)  Pancreatic juices

Question 10

________ are protein-based substances that enhance digestion by making chemical reactions more likely to happen.

Accepted Answer

A)  Neurotransmitters 
B)  Emulsifiers 
C)  Enzymes 
D)  Hormones

Question 11

Which of the following is a function of sphincter muscles?

Accepted Answer

A)  Breaks apart food particles 
B)  Controls passage of food through the GI tract 
C)  Controls peristalsis 
D)  Produces enzymes and hormones

Question 12

Peristalsis refers to

Accepted Answer

A)  chewing and swallowing. 
B)  the opening and closing of sphincters. 
C)  the action of bile on dietary fat. 
D)  muscular movement of materials through the GI tract.

Question 13

What sphincter separates the small intestine from the large intestine?

Accepted Answer

A)  Pyloric 
B)  Esophageal 
C)  Anal 
D)  Ileocecal

Question 14

Match the following with the descriptions below.
-Phagocytosis

Accepted Answer

A) Movement of nutrients against a concentration gradient; requires a carrier and energy 
B) Movement of nutrients down a concentration gradient; requires a carrier, but does not require energy 
C) Uptake of nutrients in which solid particles are engulfed by the absorptive cell; requires energy 
D) Uptake of nutrients in which liquids are engulfed by the absorptive cell; requires energy 
E) Movement of nutrients down a concentration gradient; requires no carrier and no energy

Question 15

Transmission of nerve impulses relies on the concentrations of ________ in the neuron.

Accepted Answer

A)  sodium and potassium 
B)  calcium and magnesium 
C)  cholesterol 
D)  B vitamins

Question 16

The function of the gallbladder is to

Accepted Answer

A)  store bile. 
B)  store digestive enzymes. 
C)  produce mucus. 
D)  produce bicarbonate.

Question 17

Which of the following substances is primarily involved in the emulsification of fat to facilitate its digestion?

Accepted Answer

A)  Bicarbonate 
B)  Pancreatic juices 
C)  Hydrochloric acid 
D)  Bile

Question 18

Match the following with the descriptions below.
-Organ

Accepted Answer

A) Type of tissue that holds different structures in the body together 
B) Collection of cells adapted to perform a specific function 
C) Type of tissue adapted to contract, to cause movement 
D) Type of tissue composed of highly branched, elongated cells that transport nerve impulses from one part of the body to another 
E) Surface cells that line the outside of the body and all external passages within it
F)Group of tissues designed to perform a specific function

Question 19

Which of the following organs is part of the GI tract?

Accepted Answer

A)  Liver 
B)  Kidneys 
C)  Colon 
D)  Gallbladder

Question 20

Which of the following is a function of the urinary system?

Accepted Answer

A)  Production of bile 
B)  Excretion of excess water-soluble vitamins 
C)  Digestion of carbohydrates 
D)  Transport of oxygen to tissues

Exam 3: The Human Body: a Nutrition Perspective