Question 1

Thirteen-year-old Ryan has begun to challenge many of his parents' values and to express his own set of highly idealistic standards. Compare and contrast the explanations for Ryan's behavior that would be given by Kohlberg and by Erikson.

Accepted Answer

NOT ANSWER

Question 2

According to Erikson,achieving a sense of identity is the special task of the

Accepted Answer

A)  toddler. 
B)  preschooler. 
C)  elementary schoolchild. 
D)  adolescent. D

Question 3

Learning to delay gratification promotes

Accepted Answer

A)  maturation. 
B)  empathy. 
C)  moral action. 
D)  autonomy. C

Question 4

According to Erikson,teens who suffer role confusion have not yet

Accepted Answer

A)  experienced a sense of basic trust. 
B)  achieved a sense of autonomy. 
C)  strived for a sense of competence. 
D)  solidified a sense of identity.

Question 5

Research on social relationships between parents and their adolescent children shows that

Accepted Answer

A)  parental influence on children increases during adolescence. 
B)  high school girls who have the most affectionate relationships with their mothers tend to enjoy the most intimate friendships with girlfriends. 
C)  high school boys who have the most affectionate relationships with their fathers tend to enjoy the most intimate friendships with friends. 
D)  most teens are strongly influenced by parents in matters of personal taste.

Question 6

Which of the following best describes adolescent self-esteem?

Accepted Answer

A)  It rises through the early teen years and falls during the late teen years. 
B)  It falls through the early teen years and rises during the late teen years. 
C)  It rises through the early teen years and rises during the late teen years. 
D)  It falls through the early teen years and falls during the late teen years.

Question 7

To which of Kohlberg's levels would moral reasoning based on the existence of fundamental human rights pertain?

Accepted Answer

A)  preconventional morality 
B)  conventional morality 
C)  postconventional morality 
D)  generative morality

Question 8

Critics of Kohlberg's theory of moral development have suggested that postconventional morality is more characteristic of ________ than of ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  individualist societies; collectivist societies 
B)  socialists; capitalists 
C)  African Americans; White Americans 
D)  Catholics; Protestants

Question 9

Mark believes that choosing to violate government laws is morally justifiable if it is done to protect the lives of innocent people. Kohlberg would suggest that this illustrates ________ morality.

Accepted Answer

A)  conventional 
B)  unconventional 
C)  preconventional 
D)  postconventional

Question 10

Thirteen-year-old Irene has no trouble defeating her 11-year-old brother at a detective game that requires following clues to deduce the perpetrator of a crime. How might Piaget explain Irene's superiority at the game?

Accepted Answer

A)  Being older,Irene has had more years of schooling. 
B)  Girls develop intellectually at a faster rate than boys. 
C)  Being an adolescent,Irene is beginning to develop abstract reasoning skills. 
D)  Girls typically have more experience than boys at playing games.

Question 11

Sixteen-year-old Brenda questions her parents' values but does not fully accept her friends' standards either. Her confusion about what she really wants and values in life suggests that Brenda is struggling with the problem of

Accepted Answer

A)  autonomy. 
B)  identity. 
C)  initiative. 
D)  integrity.

Question 12

Branden is so apathetic about his occupational future that within two years of his high school graduation he had already been fired by four different employers. According to Erikson,Branden best illustrates

Accepted Answer

A)  crystallized intelligence. 
B)  preconventional morality. 
C)  role confusion. 
D)  egocentrism.

Question 13

After a series of unfulfilling relationships,30-year-old Carlos tells a friend that he doesn't want to marry because he is afraid of losing his freedom and independence. Erikson would say that Carlos is having difficulty with the psychosocial task of

Accepted Answer

A)  trust versus mistrust. 
B)  autonomy versus doubt. 
C)  intimacy versus isolation. 
D)  identity versus role confusion.

Question 14

Which of the following is correct?

Accepted Answer

A)  Early maturation places both boys and girls at a distinct social advantage. 
B)  Early maturing girls are more popular and self-assured than girls who mature late. 
C)  Early maturation places both boys and girls at a distinct social disadvantage. 
D)  Early maturing boys are more popular and self-assured than boys who mature late.

Question 15

Adolescents are most likely to be influenced by their parents with respect to ________,and they are most likely to be influenced by their peers with respect to ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  language accents; college choices 
B)  dating practices; religious faith 
C)  bedtime preferences; political views 
D)  career aspirations; clothing preferences

Question 16

Which of the following is true of adolescence in contemporary industrialized societies,as compared with previous centuries?

Accepted Answer

A)  It begins earlier in life and ends earlier in life. 
B)  It begins later in life and ends earlier in life. 
C)  It begins earlier in life and ends later in life. 
D)  It begins later in life and ends later in life.

Question 17

According to Erikson,the central psychological challenges pertaining to adolescence,young adulthood,and middle age,respectively,are

Accepted Answer

A)  identity formation; intimacy; generativity. 
B)  intimacy; identity formation; generativity. 
C)  generativity; intimacy; identity formation. 
D)  intimacy; generativity; identity formation.

Question 18

Jessica acts so differently with her parents than with her girlfriends that she often thinks her personality is completely phony. Erik Erikson would have suggested that Jessica is experiencing

Accepted Answer

A)  egocentrism. 
B)  preconventional morality. 
C)  role confusion. 
D)  shame and doubt.

Question 19

Fourteen-year-old Cassandra feels freer and more open with her friends than with her family. Knowing this is the case,Cassandra's parents should

Accepted Answer

A)  be concerned,because deteriorating parent-teen relationships,such as this one,are often followed by a range of problem behaviors. 
B)  encourage Cassandra to find new friends. 
C)  seek family counseling. 
D)  not worry,since adolescence is typically a time of growing peer influence and diminishing parental influence.

Question 20

Adolescence is marked by the onset of

Accepted Answer

A)  an identity crisis. 
B)  parent-child conflict. 
C)  the concrete operational stage. 
D)  puberty.

Exam 27: The Ups and Downs of Love