Question 1

A negative right is a right that another person can guarantee by__________________ .

Accepted Answer

The answer of A negative right is a right that...

Question 2

An early proponent of the social contract was

Accepted Answer

A)  Jeremy Bentham. 
B)  John Stuart Mill. 
C)  Jean-Jacque Rousseau. 
D)  Karl Marx. 
E)  John Brown.

Question 3

According to Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill, an action is right or wrong) to the extent that it increases or decreases)___________________________ .

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart...

Question 4

Ethics is

Accepted Answer

A)  a rational examination of people's moral beliefs. 
B)  a branch of philosophy. 
C)  one way to determine which activities are "good" and which are "bad." 
D)  a field of study more than 2,000 years old. 
E)  All of the above

Question 5

Utilitarianism does not mean "the greatest good of the greatest number" because

Accepted Answer

A)  it is impossible to calculate "the greatest good." 
B)  it focuses solely on "the greatest good" and pays no attention to how "the good" is distributed. 
C)  some people have no moral worth. 
D)  it is impossible to maximize "the good" without ruining the environment. 
E)  All of the above

Question 6

Which of the following is an argument in favor of ethical egoism?

Accepted Answer

A)  Ethical egoism is supported by verses in the Bible. 
B)  People are naturally altruistic. 
C)  The community can benefit when individuals put their well-being first. 
D)  It is not true that people naturally act in their own long-term self-interest. 
E)  Ethical egoism treats all persons as moral equals.

Question 7

We call utilitarianism a _________theory, because it focuses on the consequences of an action.

Accepted Answer

The answer of We call utilitarianism a _________theory, because it...

Question 8

The study of ethics dates back to the time of _________, who faced an unjust death penalty rather than take advantage of an opportunity to flee into exile with his family.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The study of ethics dates back to...

Question 9

Ethical objectivism is based on the idea that

Accepted Answer

A)  there are no universal moral principles. 
B)  morality has an existence outside the human mind. 
C)  morality and law are identical. 
D)  there is no such thing as free will. 
E)  God does not exist.

Question 10

A right that is guaranteed without exception is called

Accepted Answer

A)  a positive right. 
B)  a negative right. 
C)  an absolute right. 
D)  a limited right. 
E)  a proverbial right.

Question 11

According to the second formulation of the Categorical Imperative,

Accepted Answer

A)  the moral worth of a person depends upon that person's actions. 
B)  one good turn deserves another. 
C)  bad deeds should be punished. 
D)  it is wrong for one person to "use" another. 
E)  the moral worth of a person depends upon that person's intentions.

Question 12

According to Aristotle, moral virtue results from

Accepted Answer

A)  a good education. 
B)  living a long life. 
C)  a happy marriage and loving family. 
D)  repetition of the appropriate acts. 
E)  All of the above.

Question 13

Two philosophers closely associated with utilitarianism are

Accepted Answer

A)  Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill. 
B)  Immanuel Kant and Jeremy Bentham. 
C)  Immanuel Kant and John Stuart Mill. 
D)  John Stuart Mill and John Rawls. 
E)  Jean-Jacques Rousseau and John Rawls.

Question 14

Ethics is focused on the_________ , moral choices people make.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Ethics is focused on the_________ , moral...

Question 15

An absolute right is a right that___________________________ .

Accepted Answer

The answer of An absolute right is a right that___________________________...

Question 16

The problem of moral luck is raised as a criticism of

Accepted Answer

A)  the divine command theory. 
B)  act utilitarianism. 
C)  rule utilitarianism. 
D)  cultural relativism. 
E)  Kantianism.

Question 17

The theory that each person should focus exclusively on his or her own self-interest is called __________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The theory that each person should focus...

Question 18

A positive right is a right that obligates others to __________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A positive right is a right that...

Question 19

A relativist claims that

Accepted Answer