Under What Conditions Would a Marketer Consider Forgoing the Test

Multiple Choice

Under what conditions would a marketer consider forgoing the test marketing stage of the new product development process?

A) when the new product involves only minor modifications
B) when management are confident that the new product will be successful
C) when the costs of research and development are relatively low
D) all of the above
E) None of the above-all new products should be test marketed.