Question 1

In general,our attention is drawn to

Accepted Answer

A) whatever is unusual given the current context. 
B) the sound of human voices. 
C) the brightest color. 
D) anything that moves.

Question 2

Common chimpanzees who have learned to use sign language or visual symbols that represent words

Accepted Answer

A) frequently describe things with the symbols. 
B) use their symbols almost exclusively to make requests. 
C) often link symbols together to form new sentences. 
D) are able to understand the symbols,even when arranged in an unfamiliar order.

Question 3

Thinking about one of the concepts shown in this figure will activate,or prime,the concepts linked to it through a process called __________.
spreading activation

Accepted Answer

The answer of Thinking about one of the concepts shown...

Question 4

Expert chess players and beginners study a chessboard for five seconds and are then asked to recall the position of the pieces on the board.When the pieces are arranged randomly,experts demonstrate significantly better memory than the beginners.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Under which of the following conditions,if any,could you move your eyes steadily,without jerky movements?

Accepted Answer

A) when following a moving object 
B) when scanning a stationary page of print 
C) both when following a moving object and when scanning a stationary page of print 
D) People always move their eyes in a jerky fashion and are never able to move them smoothly.

Question 6

You are listening to someone speak,and one of the words they say at the beginning of a sentence is muffled.The sounds you hear form a word that sounds halfway between "dent" and "tent." How will you interpret what you heard?

Accepted Answer

A) You will assume it is a new word that you have never heard before (that sounds like dent and tent)regardless of the other words in the sentence. 
B) You will decide on dent or tent based solely on the sounds you heard in that word (i.e. ,you will not be influenced by other words in the sentence). 
C) You will base your interpretation on the words and syllables that immediately follow the muffled word,rather than those that occur later in the sentence. 
D) You will base your interpretation on the first relevant clues you find in the sentence,even if those clues occur several words after the muffled word.

Question 7

Our relatively stable ability to see a limit of about 11 letters means that

Accepted Answer

A) our reading span is not limited just by how many letters can fit into the fovea of our retinas. 
B) we only see letters to the right of the fixation letter and never any to the left. 
C) we see letters much better than we see numbers. 
D) letters which do not identify a word are "seen" most easily.

Question 8

Language is easily learned by humans because the human brain

Accepted Answer

A) is far bigger and more complex than any other brain. 
B) can learn a series of simple words easier than the complex sounds of whales or dolphins. 
C) has areas that are specialized for language. 
D) processes sound energy at an earlier age than it processes visual energy.

Question 9

How do the language abilities of bonobos used in recent studies differ from those of the common chimpanzees used in earlier studies?

Accepted Answer

A) Bonobos communicate only with each other,not with people. 
B) The common chimps were better at making original,creative requests. 
C) Bonobos are more likely to use symbols to describe objects they are not requesting. 
D) The common chimps showed a better understanding of spoken language.

Question 10

Critical thinking can best be defined as

Accepted Answer

A) the careful evaluation of evidence for and against any conclusion. 
B) the process by which one compares a goal with the means to achieve that goal. 
C) the ability to think in unique and novel ways. 
D) the learning which takes place after preattention.

Question 11

The study of how people think,acquire knowledge,imagine,plan,and solve problems is called __________ psychology.

Accepted Answer

A) semantic 
B) cognitive 
C) functional 
D) operational

Question 12

Which of the following is an example of base-rate information?

Accepted Answer

A) The population consists of 10,000 mosquitoes and 2 rare kwiny bugs 
B) The kwiny bug looks like a mosquito except it is a bit bigger 
C) The mosquito flies a bit faster than the kwiny bug 
D) A particular specimen looks exactly like a kwiny bug

Question 13

When an object differs drastically from those around it in size,shape,color,or movement,we find it by a __________,meaning that it stands out immediately.

Accepted Answer

A) motivated processes 
B) divergent processes 
C) attentive processes 
D) preattentive processes

Question 14

Fox and Crow are both thirsty.They come upon a large crock with some water in it,but cannot lift the pitcher or reach down to the water.There happens to be a bucket of baseballs nearby and Fox steps back to throw the baseballs to try to break the crock.Crow reminds him that this will only spill the water,and uses the more clever solution of dropping the baseballs into the crock to raise the water level to within reach.Fox's problem was

Accepted Answer

A) functional fixedness. 
B) attention deficit disorder. 
C) attentional blinking. 
D) over-generalization.

Question 15

Which procedure is an investigator likely to use in an experiment on the word-superiority effect?

Accepted Answer

A) Show someone cards,each of which contains one picture and one word,and ask whether the word describes the picture. 
B) Start a conversation with someone who is performing a skilled nonverbal task,and examine possible interference. 
C) Flash letters or words on a screen,and ask what the person saw. 
D) Play different tape-recorded messages to the two ears,and ask what the person heard.

Question 16

If you are supposed to respond to either of two kinds of stimuli (such as the letter K or anything green),then if one comes quickly after another,you are likely to miss the second one.This phenomenon is called?

Accepted Answer

A) the attentional blink. 
B) the Stroop effect. 
C) change blindness. 
D) the representativeness heuristic.

Question 17

Compared to poor readers,good readers generally have

Accepted Answer

A) fewer saccades. 
B) longer saccades. 
C) shorter fixations. 
D) smaller vocabularies.

Question 18

Edgar suffers a stroke on the left side of his brain and as a result has a condition characterized by inarticulate speech and difficulties using and understanding grammatical devices.This condition is known as __________aphasia.

Accepted Answer

A) Wernicke's 
B) Chomsky's 
C) Pinker's 
D) Broca's

Question 19

Strategies for simplifying a problem or for guiding an investigation are known as heuristics.

Accepted Answer