Question 1

In humans, the machinery for perceiving the world:

Accepted Answer

A)  must await the second year of physical maturation. 
B)  is pretty much ready at birth. 
C)  develops during the second half of the child's first year. 
D)  is pretty much dependent on learning experiences.

Question 2

According to Erikson's theory, the _______ stage of development occurs in old age.

Accepted Answer

A)  generativity versus stagnation 
B)  intimacy versus isolation 
C)  integrity versus despair 
D)  trust versus mistrust

Question 3

Mary and Juan are twins who developed from two separate fertilized ova that were fertilized by two different sperm. What type of twins are they?

Accepted Answer

A)  monozygotic twins 
B)  maternal twins 
C)  dizygotic twins 
D)  wombmates

Question 4

According to Erikson, if a middle-aged person is unable to focus outward and is still dealing with issues of intimacy or even identity, that person is experiencing _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  generativity 
B)  stagnation 
C)  ego integrity 
D)  despair

Question 5

A characteristic that first shows up in the formal operational stage is _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  irreversibility 
B)  egocentrism 
C)  abstract thinking 
D)  logical thinking

Question 6

Dizygotic twins develop when a fertilized egg divides into two parts that develop into separate embryos.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

A set of physical characteristics that defines individuals as boys and men or girls and women is called ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  gender 
B)  sex 
C)  sex characteristics 
D)  gender stereotypes

Question 8

Drugs that can distort the prenatal organism's physical development are called ___________.

Accepted Answer

A)  mutagens 
B)  teratogens 
C)  controlled substances 
D)  congenital defectors

Question 9

Mary is an adolescent who currently has a small pimple on her cheek that is causing her to be overly self-conscious. She is convinced that everyone she meets stares at and talks about her pimple. Mary's behavior exhibits _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  a sense of idealism 
B)  imaginary audience 
C)  personal fable 
D)  puberty

Question 10

Abe just got his driver's license. He loves to speed around town going more than 20 miles per hour above the speed limit. He believes that he can speed through red lights due to his perfect timing. This is an example of _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  underestimation 
B)  personal fable 
C)  self-serving bias 
D)  imaginary audience

Question 11

Erikson's theory of social development viewed the ages of three to six, his third stage, as being characterized by the major challenge of __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  identity versus role diffusion 
B)  initiative versus guilt 
C)  industry versus inferiority 
D)  autonomy versus shame and doubt

Question 12

In which of Piaget's stages does the child develop conservation?

Accepted Answer

A)  sensorimotor 
B)  preoperational 
C)  formal operational 
D)  concrete operational

Question 13

Which of the following is directly concerned with reproduction?

Accepted Answer

A)  complex changes in hormones 
B)  primary sexual characteristics 
C)  secondary sexual characteristics 
D)  the onset of menarche

Question 14

A reflex crucial to an infant's survival is __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  cooing 
B)  grasping 
C)  sucking 
D)  stepping

Question 15

Kohlberg's stages of moral development are concrete operational, formal operational, and sensorimotor.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Jean Piaget is noted for his theory of __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  cognitive development 
B)  language development 
C)  perceptual development 
D)  motor development

Question 17

At fertilization, the chromosomes from the father's sperm unite with the chromosomes from the mother's egg, creating a new cell called a(n) _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  embryo 
B)  zygote 
C)  genome 
D)  blastocyst

Question 18

Sue sees her mother knitting a sweater. Later, Sue takes out a ball of yarn and some knitting needles from her mother's supplies and tries to do the same. This is a good example of the ________ of gender development.

Accepted Answer

A)  gender schema theory 
B)  gender role theory 
C)  psychoanalytic theory 
D)  social learning theory

Question 19

Professor Grant is interested in studying the development of a sense of humor. She collects data from groups of 6-year-olds, 16-year-olds, 26-year-olds, and 36-year-olds. What type of research design is Professor Grant using?

Accepted Answer

A)  cohort design 
B)  longitudinal design 
C)  behavior genetics design 
D)  cross-sectional design

Question 20

The thinking and attitudes of many who survived the Great Depression of the 1930s changed them for the rest of their lives. This would be an example of a

Accepted Answer

A)  cohort effect. 
B)  cultural group. 
C)  longitudinal group. 
D)  cross-sequential group.

Exam 8: Development Across the Life Span