Some Merchants at the Beginning of the 2007 Christmas Season

Multiple Choice

Some merchants at the beginning of the 2007 Christmas season were worried consumers would not be willing to buy as much as they had in years previously. As a result, these retailers purchased fewer items for their inventories. Manufacturers sold less because the retailers did not want to have as large an inventory as usual. Manufacturers had to lay people off because their production was down, and many consumers actually did have less money to spend. This is an example of how_________Forces directly affect marketing.

A) social
B) technologic al
C) economic
D) regulatory