Question 1

A _____ test makes assumptions about the population, whereas a _____test does not.

Accepted Answer

A)  nonparametric; parametric 
B)  parametric; nonparametric 
C)  linear; nonlinear 
D)  nonlinear; linear

Question 2

The critical value(s) associated with a p level of 0.05 for a one-tailed hypothesis test using the z statistic is (are):

Accepted Answer

A)  1.96. 
B)  1.65. 
C)  -1.65 or 1.65. 
D)  -1.96 and 1.96.

Question 3

If the assumptions of parametric testing are not met, researchers must:

Accepted Answer

A)  disregard this information and proceed with interpreting results. 
B)  make a decision to continue with parametric or nonparametric tests. 
C)  continue with nonparametric tests. 
D)  get a larger sample size.

Question 4

The fourth step in hypothesis testing is:

Accepted Answer

A)  stating the null and research hypotheses. 
B)  determining the characteristics of the comparison distribution. 
C)  selecting the appropriate test based on the population, comparison distribution, and underlying assumptions. 
D)  determining the critical values for a test.

Question 5

The research hypothesis states that:

Accepted Answer

A)  the sample being studied is different from the population from which it was drawn. 
B)  nothing exists. 
C)  the null hypothesis is not correct. 
D)  there are no differences between the populations being studied.

Question 6

Under what conditions are the inferential statistics used typically robust against violations of assumptions?

Accepted Answer

A)  only if the independent variable is not clearly nominal or ordinal 
B)  only if the participants were not randomly selected but we are cautious when generalizing 
C)  only if the population is not normally distributed but there are at least 30 data points in the sample 
D)  only if the independent variable is not clearly nominal or ordinal, participants were not randomly selected but we are cautious when generalizing, and the population is not normally distributed but there are at least 30 data points in the sample

Question 7

Inferential statistical analyses that are NOT based on a set of assumptions about the underlying population are:

Accepted Answer

A)  inaccurate. 
B)  permissible only when certain assumptions about the sample are met. 
C)  nonparametric tests. 
D)  parametric tests.

Question 8

If the percentage of scores falling between the mean and a z score of 0.50 is 19.15, then what is the percentage of scores falling below a z score of -0.50?

Accepted Answer

A)  -19.15 
B)  19.15 
C)  30.85 
D)  -30.85

Question 9

Children are regularly assessed for their height and weight compared to national data provided by the Centers for Disease Control.Dahlin is somewhat short for his age, and his mother notices on his medical chart that it says Height: z = -1.67.What does this tell Dahlin's mother about his height?

Accepted Answer

A)  4.75 percent of children are shorter than Dahlin. 
B)  45.25 percent of children are shorter than Dahlin. 
C)  4.75 percent of children are taller than Dahlin. 
D)  45.25 percent of children are taller than Dahlin.

Question 10

The third step in hypothesis testing is:

Accepted Answer

A)  stating the null and research hypotheses. 
B)  determining the characteristics of the comparison distribution. 
C)  selecting the appropriate test based on the population, comparison distribution, and underlying assumptions. 
D)  determining the critical values for a test.

Question 11

Which statement is NOT an assumption of parametric hypothesis tests?

Accepted Answer

A)  The population is normally distributed. 
B)  Participants are selected randomly from the population. 
C)  The dependent variable is assessed using a scale measure. 
D)  The sample size is greater than 30.

Question 12

A nonparametric test is based on assumptions about the population.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

The critical value(s) associated with a p level of 0.05 for a two-tailed hypothesis test using the z statistic is (are):

Accepted Answer

A)  1.96. 
B)  1.65. 
C)  -1.65 and 1.65. 
D)  -1.96 and 1.96.

Question 14

The statement "It is hypothesized that men and women will differ on reaction time measures" best illustrates a:

Accepted Answer

A)  one-tailed test. 
B)  two-tailed test. 
C)  null hypothesis. 
D)  z test.

Question 15

Demi converted scores from a customer service questionnaire to z scores, and some of them are negative.She is trying to use a z table but is confused because there are no negative z scores in the tables.What should she do?

Accepted Answer

A)  Use the positive value because the normal curve is symmetric. 
B)  Square the negative z-score value so that it becomes positive. 
C)  Add 1.0 to the negative z-score value so that it becomes positive. 
D)  Use 0 as the value for the z score.

Question 16

Assume the average height for American women is 64 inches with a standard deviation of 2 inches.What percent of groups of size 25 would have mean heights of less than 62 inches? (Round z score to two decimal places.)

Accepted Answer

A)  50.00 
B)  0.40 
C)  0.13 
D)  0

Question 17

Which of these is NOT an appropriate tool for locating a specific point on a normal bell-shaped curve?

Accepted Answer

A)  raw scores 
B)  sum of squares 
C)  z scores 
D)  percentile rankings

Question 18

A hypothesis test is said to be _____ when it produces fairly accurate results, even when some of the assumptions underlying the hypothesis test are violated.

Accepted Answer

A)  robust 
B)  invincible 
C)  reliable 
D)  fair

Question 19

Why is it important to check for violations of assumptions when hypothesis testing?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is a step in graphing the data, which is required for publishing scientific results. 
B)  Specific assumptions must be violated before we can make inferences from our study sample to the overall population. 
C)  Results from data analyses are valid only when assumptions have been violated. 
D)  We are making inferences about the population of interest that will be maximally valid if specific requirements are met.

Question 20

Use the following to answer questions 
Study Description: Tail Wagging
A New York Times article published on April 24, 2007, reported the research of Dr.Giorgio Vallortigara, a neuroscientist at the University of Trieste, Italy, and his two colleagues.The researchers asked whether a dog wags its tail in a preferred direction in response to positive stimuli and in another direction in response to negative stimuli.To answer their question, they recruited 30 dogs that were family pets.Filming each dog from above, they allowed it to view (through a slat in its cage) three positive stimuli separately, in order of descending positivity: its owner, an unfamiliar human, and a cat.All the dogs responded by wagging their tails to the right.But when the dogs were presented with an unfamiliar, aggressive dog, a negative stimulus, all dogs wagged their tails to the left.
-(Study Description: Tail Wagging) Which statement is the null hypothesis for this study?

Accepted Answer

A)  A dog will wag its tail more to the left in response to positive stimuli and more to the right in response to negative stimuli. 
B)  A dog's tail wagging will be the same in response to positive stimuli as to negative stimuli. 
C)  A dog will wag its tail differently in response to positive stimuli than to negative stimuli. 
D)  A dog's tail will wag more to the right in response to positive stimuli and more to the left in response to negative stimuli.

Exam 7: Hypothesis Testing With Z Tests

A _ test makes assumptions about the population, whereas a _test does not.

The critical value(s) associated with a p level of 0.05 for a one-tailed hypothesis test using the z statistic is (are) :