Question 1

Complete the analogy: Incoming is to outgoing as ________ is to ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  dendrite; cell body 
B)  dendrite; axon 
C)  axon; cell body 
D)  cell body; axon

Question 2

A patient might elect to have split-brain surgery, which involves

Accepted Answer

A)  severing the corpus callosum. 
B)  removing the amygdala. 
C)  removing one hemisphere of the brain. 
D)  removing a section of the frontal lobe.

Question 3

One of the disadvantages of synaptic communication is that it takes time for chemicals to pass from one side of the synapse to another. Which of the following is a benefit of synaptic transmission?

Accepted Answer

A)  It allows our nervous system to compare multiple signals from many sources. 
B)  Chemicals in our food can be broken down to influence between-cell communication. 
C)  It is simple, because each neuron can only receive signals from a single neuron. 
D)  Chemicals are more reliable than electrical energy.

Question 4

Neuron X sends a signal that is picked up and processed by Neuron Y. This between-cell communication occurs via

Accepted Answer

A)  chemical transmission between Neuron X and Neuron Y. 
B)  electrical stimulation of Neuron Y by Neuron X. 
C)  fibers that connect Neuron X and Neuron Y. 
D)  We don't know how it happens.

Question 5

Communication between neurons is ________, while communication within a neuron is ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  electrical; chemical 
B)  chemical; electrical 
C)  electric; neurotransmitter-based 
D)  simple; difficult

Question 6

A CT or computerized axial tomography scan

Accepted Answer

A)  can only be performed on a cadaver. 
B)  uses X-rays to study the living brain's anatomy. 
C)  is primarily useful for measuring blood flow in the brain. 
D)  can detect the activity taking place in different brain areas in real time.

Question 7

Patrick was in a car accident and hit his head on the dashboard. The emergency room doctors are concerned that he may have sustained a traumatic brain injury. Which of the following methods are they most likely to use to confirm or disprove their diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  TMS 
B)  fMRI 
C)  EEG 
D)  MRI

Question 8

Neuron A communicates with neuron B. The ________ of neuron A forms a synapse with the ________ of neuron B.

Accepted Answer

A)  cell body; soma 
B)  axon terminal; axon terminal 
C)  axon terminal; dendrite 
D)  soma; dendrite

Question 9

Judy has sustained damage to her visual association area, but not her primary association area. Describe the behavioral changes you would expect to see, given this trauma. What behaviors or mental processes would not be affected?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Judy has sustained damage to her visual...

Question 10

Explain the relevance of split-brain patients in psychology by answering the following questions.
a. What area of the brain is lesioned in these patients? Why do these patients elect to have this surgery?
b. How does behavior change after the surgery? How does it stay the same?
c. What have we learned about the brain and behavior as a result of this procedure?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain the relevance of split-brain patients in...

Question 11

Imagine that Neuron X communicates with Neuron Y. Describe the process by which Neuron X can send a message to Neuron Y. What possible effects will this signal have on the firing of Neuron Y?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Imagine that Neuron X communicates with Neuron...

Question 12

The auditory cortex follows the principle of contralateral control. Thus, the

Accepted Answer

A)  right temporal lobe receives most of its input from the left ear. 
B)  right temporal lobe receives most of its input from the right ear. 
C)  right temporal lobe receives equal input from both ears. 
D)  information received by the right temporal lobe depends on whether the listener favors his or her right or left ear.

Question 13

Neuroimaging techniques such as PET suggest a link between Capgras syndrome and abnormalities in all of the following brain regions EXCEPT the

Accepted Answer

A)  prefrontal cortex. 
B)  amygdala. 
C)  temporal lobe. 
D)  fusiform face area.

Question 14

Most of the brain's structures are hidden deep inside the ________, which is the outer, visible layer.

Accepted Answer

A)  cerebellum 
B)  cortex 
C)  midbrain 
D)  hindbrain

Question 15

Which of the following statements is LEAST likely to be true of a person with Capgras syndrome?

Accepted Answer

A)  She thinks that her mother has been replaced by a look-alike alien. 
B)  She cannot recognize that her father looks like her father. 
C)  She also has Alzheimer's syndrome. 
D)  She has no warm sense of familiarity when she sees a close friend.

Question 16

A patient with visual agnosia will probably show an inability to

Accepted Answer

A)  remember a list of words heard 1 hour before. 
B)  detect brief flashes of light. 
C)  recall the color of familiar objects (e.g., that stop signs are red). 
D)  identify common objects in plain view.

Question 17

The ________ contains the machinery necessary to keep the cell alive and functioning properly.

Accepted Answer

A)  cell body 
B)  dendrite 
C)  axon 
D)  myelin

Question 18

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) uses a strong magnetic pulse to

Accepted Answer

A)  record the amount of glucose a specific brain region used during a cognitive task. 
B)  measure the blood flow using blood oxygenation level dependent (BOL
D)  signals. 
C)  produce a temporary disruption to the brain area, and thus brain function, where it is applied. 
D)  create a detailed "map" of the different brain areas.

Question 19

Capgras syndrome and other cognitive disorders are useful because they

Accepted Answer

A)  provide information about normal cognitive functioning. 
B)  suggest cognition is an interesting topic. 
C)  provide evidence that people with Capgras syndrome need medication. 
D)  show that all brain damage is irreversible.

Question 20

Ben and Quinn both have lesions in their left frontal lobes. Ben has trouble producing speech; Quinn has difficulties comprehending speech. Both Ben and Quinn are likely to receive a diagnosis of

Accepted Answer

A)  neglect syndrome. 
B)  apraxia. 
C)  agnosia. 
D)  aphasia.

Exam 2: The Neural Basis for Cognition

Complete the analogy: Incoming is to outgoing as is to .