Question 1

A researcher examines not only how people think of themselves today but also the kind of person they want to become or are afraid of becoming. The researcher is probably investigating

Accepted Answer

A)  stereotypes. 
B)  self-esteem. 
C)  possible selves. 
D)  personal constructs.

Question 2

Joshua classifies each person he meets as either sensitive or insensitive. A cognitive personality theorist would probably say that sensitive-insensitive is an example of a

Accepted Answer

A)  personal construct. 
B)  prototype. 
C)  self-schema. 
D)  possible self.

Question 3

Which part of the A-B-C process would be saying to yourself, "It is necessary that I get perfect grades in school."?

Accepted Answer

A)  Activating experience 
B)  Irrational Belief 
C)  Emotional Consequence 
D)  Self-defeating thinking

Question 4

Which of the following is true about the cognitive processes that produce behavior?

Accepted Answer

A)  Behaviorists argued that the situation is processed in the "black box." 
B)  The processing that takes place between situation and response is of little importance. 
C)  Cognitive-affective units are equally accessible from memory. 
D)  Cognitive theorists acknowledge that the situation often initiates behavior.

Question 5

According to Ellis, people have psychological problems because of faulty reasoning due to unconscious impulses.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

A strength of the cognitive approach is that it fits well with

Accepted Answer

A)  modern artificial intelligence research. 
B)  the psychoanalytic perspective. 
C)  the current mood, or Zeitgeist, of psychology 
D)  the behavioral/social learning approach.

Question 7

Contrast cognitive psychotherapy with Rogers's approach. Discuss the application of personal construct theory to psychological problems such as anxiety. Explain the significance of self-defeating thinking in typical cognitive therapy.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Contrast cognitive psychotherapy with Rogers's approach. Discuss...

Question 8

In addition to allowing for rapid processing of schema-relevant information, self-schemas provide a framework for

Accepted Answer

A)  organizing and storing relevant information. 
B)  self-understanding. 
C)  processing unconscious feelings. 
D)  recalling life events.

Question 9

Which of the following was referred to by Kelly as the "most precarious" of the assumptions made by a therapist using the Rep Test?

Accepted Answer

A)  The constructs listed by the clients are unique to the testing situation. 
B)  The constructs listed by the clients are limited to the set of people used in the test. 
C)  All healthy people use basically the same constructs. 
D)  People are able to adequately describe the constructs they use.

Question 10

Albert Ellis describes an A-B-C reasoning process that creates unnecessary emotional problems. Which step in this reasoning process does he draw to the client's attention during rational emotive behavior therapy?

Accepted Answer

A)  The activating experience, such as failing a test. 
B)  The unstated belief, such as "I should be good at everything I do." 
C)  The emotional consequence, such as depression. 
D)  The childhood experiences that made the person vulnerable to emotional problems.

Question 11

Many different therapies fall within the broad cognitive approach, but each cognitive therapy identifies as the cause of behavioral problems and disorders.

Accepted Answer

A)  a loss of freedom 
B)  early childhood experiences with caregivers 
C)  inappropriate behaviors 
D)  inappropriate thoughts

Question 12

According to Kelly, anxiety results when

Accepted Answer

A)  people become aware of inconsistencies between the actual self and the ideal self. 
B)  people can't predict future events. 
C)  defense mechanisms fail. 
D)  people use faulty logic in arriving at self-defeating conclusions about themselves.

Question 13

Patsy is not sure how her teacher will react to watch she wrote on her assignment. She's unable to predict what will happen when the paper is returned. According to personal construct theory,

Accepted Answer

A)  anxiety is likely to accompany Patsy's thoughts. 
B)  Patsy's constructs will likely fail to become impermeable. 
C)  Patsy's construct system matches the ideal system instead of the real system. 
D)  it will become impossible to modify Patsy's construct system.

Question 14

According to Kelly, personal constructs

Accepted Answer

A)  consist of a number of possible classifications ranging from one extreme to another. 
B)  are basically the same for all people. 
C)  can be expressed in words. 
D)  are bipolar.

Question 15

One of the criticisms of the cognitive approach to personality is that many of the concepts introduced by cognitive theorists may not be necessary to explain human behavior. This criticism refers to the

Accepted Answer

A)  need to limit science to observable behaviors. 
B)  lack of evidence for consistency in personality over time and across situations. 
C)  law of parsimony. 
D)  need for empirical evidence to support hypotheses derived from theory.

Exam 15: The Cognitive Approach: Theory, Application, and Assessment