Question 1

If a person responds to a particular situation in the same way over a long time period, then the attribution theory states that the behavior demonstrates ________.

Accepted Answer

A) distinctiveness 
B) consensus 
C) consistency 
D) discontinuity 
E) traceability

Question 2

William Davies, a guest relations executive at a five star deluxe hotel, regularly interacts with bureaucrats, politicians, celebrities, and other prosperous individuals. He feels that all rich people are kind, hardworking, and friendly. Which of the following best characterizes Davies' perception?

Accepted Answer

A) confirmation bias 
B) self-serving bias 
C) randomness error 
D) halo effect 
E) hindsight bias

Question 3

To stop lie-detection for written communications we can look in e-mail messages as liars omit personal pronouns, use noncommittal expressions, change tenses, skip topics, provide too much detail, or add qualifying statements.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

Which of the following terms best describes the tendency to underestimate the influence of external factors and overestimate the influence of internal factors when making judgments about the behavior of others?

Accepted Answer

A) fundamental attribution error 
B) bandwagon effect 
C) contrast effect 
D) emotional dissonance 
E) self-fulfilling prophecy

Question 5

Consumers increasingly choose to purchase goods and services from organizations with effective corporate social responsibility (CSR)initiatives.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Jessica recently joined a new company and was first introduced to Michelle, her cubicle neighbor. Michelle came across as amiable and cheerful. During lunch she met another colleague, Carrie, who did not come across as friendly as Michelle. In this situation, Jessica's interpretation of Carrie's personality is most likely to be affected by ________.

Accepted Answer

A) confirmation bias 
B) contrast effect 
C) fundamental attribution error 
D) self-serving bias 
E) bandwagon effect

Question 7

The tendency to underestimate the influence of external factors and overestimate the influence of internal factors when making judgments about the behavior of others is known as the randomness error.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Women are more likely than men to overanalyze problems before making a decision and to rehash a decision once made.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

The ________ bias is a tendency to fixate on initial information and fail to adequately adjust for subsequent information.

Accepted Answer

A) hindsight 
B) overconfidence 
C) anchoring 
D) availability 
E) self-serving

Question 10

Megan Cardova, who works as a sales executive at Orbit Bank, has been failing to meet her sales targets for the last 10 months. Recently, she had a face-to-face discussion with her manager where she said that the unrealistic targets were the reason for her underperformance. The manager, however, noticed that all the other team members were achieving their targets and sometimes were even achieving more than the set numbers. Which of the following is Cardova's behavior most likely to be characterized as according to the attribution theory?

Accepted Answer

A) low distinctiveness 
B) high rigidity 
C) high traceability 
D) low consensus 
E) low consistency

Question 11

________ is an unconscious process created from distilled experience.

Accepted Answer

A) Process consultation 
B) Action research 
C) Intuitive decision making 
D) Active selection 
E) Emotional intelligence

Question 12

According to the attribution theory, if a behavior scores high on consensus and distinctiveness, we tend to consider it as an internally caused behavior.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Laura Simpson, a campaign manager at a child rights organization in Jakarta, planned a marathon for celebrities to raise money for underprivileged children. Though all arrangements for the event had been made, a few days before the event she realized that on the same day there was a political rally happening in the city which would block access to the route on which the marathon was supposed to be undertaken. In such a situation, what is Simpson, who suffers from a self-serving bias, most likely to say?

Accepted Answer

A) I did not do sufficient research on public events in the city. 
B) My colleagues did not inform me about the rally. 
C) The director had warned me of this. I should have known better. 
D) I should have weighed feasibility options for the event. 
E) I should have established better contacts to know about this update.

Question 14

Explain with an example the contrast effect.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain with an example the contrast effect....

Question 15

What is selective perception?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is selective perception?...

Question 16

A process of making decisions by constructing simplified models that extract the essential features from problems without capturing all their complexity is known as ________.

Accepted Answer

A) optimal decision making 
B) intuitive decision making 
C) bounded rationality 
D) active selection 
E) incremental decision making

Question 17

Describe the confirmation bias.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the confirmation bias....

Question 18

Attribution theory suggests that when we observe an individual's behavior, we attempt to determine whether it was internally or externally caused. That determination, however, depends largely on three factors. Which of the following is one of these three factors?

Accepted Answer

A) traceability 
B) consistency 
C) verifiability 
D) relatedness 
E) affect intensity

Question 19

________ explains the ways in which we judge people differently, depending on the meaning we assign to a given behavior.

Accepted Answer

A) Attribution theory 
B) Equity theory 
C) Object relations theory 
D) Attachment theory 
E) Cultural schema theory

Question 20

Which of the following is a factor present in a perceiver which may affect perception?

Accepted Answer

A) interest 
B) similarity 
C) sound 
D) proximity 
E) background

Exam 6: Perception and Individual Decision Making

If a person responds to a particular situation in the same way over a long time period, then the attribution theory states that the behavior demonstrates ________.

William Davies, a guest relations executive at a five star deluxe hotel, regularly interacts with bureaucrats, politicians, celebrities, and other prosperous individuals. He feels that all rich people are kind, hardworking, and friendly. Which of the following best characterizes Davies' perception?

To stop lie-detection for written communications we can look in e-mail messages as liars omit personal pronouns, use noncommittal expressions, change tenses, skip topics, provide too much detail, or add qualifying statements.

Which of the following terms best describes the tendency to underestimate the influence of external factors and overestimate the influence of internal factors when making judgments about the behavior of others?

Consumers increasingly choose to purchase goods and services from organizations with effective corporate social responsibility (CSR)initiatives.

The tendency to underestimate the influence of external factors and overestimate the influence of internal factors when making judgments about the behavior of others is known as the randomness error.

Women are more likely than men to overanalyze problems before making a decision and to rehash a decision once made.

The ________ bias is a tendency to fixate on initial information and fail to adequately adjust for subsequent information.

________ is an unconscious process created from distilled experience.

According to the attribution theory, if a behavior scores high on consensus and distinctiveness, we tend to consider it as an internally caused behavior.

Explain with an example the contrast effect.

What is selective perception?

A process of making decisions by constructing simplified models that extract the essential features from problems without capturing all their complexity is known as ________.

Describe the confirmation bias.

Attribution theory suggests that when we observe an individual's behavior, we attempt to determine whether it was internally or externally caused. That determination, however, depends largely on three factors. Which of the following is one of these three factors?

________ explains the ways in which we judge people differently, depending on the meaning we assign to a given behavior.

Which of the following is a factor present in a perceiver which may affect perception?