Question 1

Oscar is looking for a new job. He used to be the company's top sales representative and was eagerly expecting to be promoted. However, one of the regional manager's friends was promoted to district manager instead. According to the expectancy theory, Oscar's dissatisfaction with his current job stems from a breakdown in the ________ relationship.

Accepted Answer

A) performance-reward 
B) effort-performance 
C) reward-personal goal 
D) satisfaction-effort 
E) personal goal-self actualization

Question 2

The proponents of reinforcement theory view behavior as ________.

Accepted Answer

A) the result of a cognitive process 
B) environmentally caused 
C) a reflection of the inner state of the individual 
D) a function of one's power need 
E) a product of heredity

Question 3

What is self-efficacy?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is self-efficacy?...

Question 4

The Pygmalion effect is also called the ________ effect.

Accepted Answer

A) halo 
B) self-concordance 
C) Galatea 
D) self-determination 
E) pseudocertainty

Question 5

Goal-setting theory takes a behavioristic approach, whereas reinforcement theory takes a cognitive approach.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Logan is an employee who processes health insurance forms. Initially he was criticized by his supervisor for sloppy work, but thereafter he improved considerably. Now he consistently processes his forms without errors and even does more than his fair share of work. However, Logan's supervisor has not responded to the extra effort he has put in, giving him no praise or monetary benefits. This leads Logan to believe that his supervisor is biased against him. According to the expectancy theory, in this situation, there is a problem in the ________ relationship.

Accepted Answer

A) rewards-personal goals 
B) performance-awareness 
C) performance-reward 
D) performance-objectives 
E) performance-achievement

Question 7

Underpayment and overpayment, according to equity theory, tend to produce similar reactions to correct the inequities.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Which of the following needs in Maslow's hierarchy refers to the drive to become what one is capable of becoming?

Accepted Answer

A) social 
B) self-actualization 
C) physiological 
D) esteem 
E) safety

Question 9

Which of these five employees is most likely to be suitable for a new assignment that involves a high degree of personal responsibility and feedback?

Accepted Answer

A) Joe 
B) Mary 
C) Tim 
D) Sarah 
E) Doug

Question 10

The ________ element of motivation describes how hard a person tries.

Accepted Answer

A) intelligence 
B) experience 
C) direction 
D) intensity 
E) persistence

Question 11

Self-inside, one of the four referent comparisons in the equity theory, refers to ________.

Accepted Answer

A) an employee's experiences in a different position inside the employee's current organization 
B) an employee's experiences in a different position outside the employee's current organization 
C) another individual or group of individuals inside the employee's organization 
D) an employee's experiences in a similar position outside the employee's current organization 
E) another individual or group of individuals outside the employee's organization

Question 12

The investment of an employee's physical, cognitive, and emotional energies into job performance is called ________.

Accepted Answer

A) vicarious modeling 
B) self-determination 
C) job engagement 
D) management by objectives 
E) job analysis

Question 13

Which of the following needs would most likely motivate Joanna?

Accepted Answer

A) social 
B) esteem 
C) physiological 
D) self-actualization 
E) safety

Question 14

Edith believes that the methods for determining salary hikes and bonuses in her company are extremely unfair. In this case, Edith perceives a lack of ________ justice.

Accepted Answer

A) interpersonal 
B) distributive 
C) associative 
D) procedural 
E) interactional

Question 15

According to Herzberg, when ________ are adequate, people won't be dissatisfied, but they will also not be satisfied.

Accepted Answer

A) achievement needs 
B) affiliation needs 
C) motivational factors 
D) power needs 
E) hygiene factors

Question 16

The concept of operant conditioning is a part of the broader concept of ________, which argues that behavior follows stimuli in a relatively unthinking manner.

Accepted Answer

A) equity theory 
B) expectancy theory 
C) cognitive behavioral therapy 
D) behaviorism 
E) humanism

Question 17

What are the four ways of increasing self-efficacy as proposed by Albert Bandura?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What are the four ways of increasing...

Question 18

Practicing managers and scholars have become interested in facilitating job engagement, believing factors deeper than liking a job or finding it interesting drives performance.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Mark is an excellent technical writer. He has never missed a deadline and all his projects are of superior quality. He now wants to telecommute two days a week, so that he can spend more time with his family. He feels that he has proven his reliability. However, his boss is unable to comply with his request and gives him a substantial raise instead. According to the expectancy theory, Mark's disappointment demonstrates a breakdown in the ________ relationship.

Accepted Answer

A) performance-reward 
B) effort-performance 
C) rewards-personal goals 
D) effort-satisfaction 
E) performance-achievement

Question 20

Why are people motivated by challenging goals?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Why are people motivated by challenging goals?...

Exam 7: Motivation Concepts

The proponents of reinforcement theory view behavior as ________.

What is self-efficacy?

The Pygmalion effect is also called the ________ effect.

Goal-setting theory takes a behavioristic approach, whereas reinforcement theory takes a cognitive approach.

Underpayment and overpayment, according to equity theory, tend to produce similar reactions to correct the inequities.

Which of the following needs in Maslow's hierarchy refers to the drive to become what one is capable of becoming?

Which of these five employees is most likely to be suitable for a new assignment that involves a high degree of personal responsibility and feedback?

The ________ element of motivation describes how hard a person tries.

Self-inside, one of the four referent comparisons in the equity theory, refers to ________.

The investment of an employee's physical, cognitive, and emotional energies into job performance is called ________.

Which of the following needs would most likely motivate Joanna?

Edith believes that the methods for determining salary hikes and bonuses in her company are extremely unfair. In this case, Edith perceives a lack of ________ justice.

According to Herzberg, when ________ are adequate, people won't be dissatisfied, but they will also not be satisfied.

The concept of operant conditioning is a part of the broader concept of ________, which argues that behavior follows stimuli in a relatively unthinking manner.

What are the four ways of increasing self-efficacy as proposed by Albert Bandura?

Practicing managers and scholars have become interested in facilitating job engagement, believing factors deeper than liking a job or finding it interesting drives performance.

Why are people motivated by challenging goals?