PART a No Symbols of Equality Are Threats to Civil $\begin{array} { l } \text {\text { No S are } T }\\ \text {\text { No G are } T }\\ \hline\text {\text { No G are } S }\\\end{array}$

Essay

PART A No symbols of equality are threats to civil order, for no gay marriages are threats to civil order, and all gay marriages are symbols of equality.
Which of the following correctly expresses the form of this argument? a. $\begin{array} { l } \text {\text { No S are } T }\\ \text {\text { No G are } T }\\ \hline\text {\text { No G are } S }\\\end{array}$$\quad$ b. $\begin{array} { l } \text {No \( G \) are \( T \). }\\ \text {All \( \mathrm{G} \) are \( \mathrm{S} \). }\\ \hline\text { No \( \mathrm{S} \) are \( \mathrm{T} \).}\\\end{array}$$\quad$ c. $\begin{array} { l } \text {All G are \( \mathrm{S} \). }\\ \text { No \( \mathrm{S} \) are \( \mathrm{T} \).}\\ \hline\text {No G are \( \mathrm{T} \). }\\\end{array}$

d. $\begin{array} { l } \text {If \( \mathrm{G} \) then \( \mathrm{T} \). }\\ \text {If \( \mathrm{G} \) then \( \mathrm{S} \). }\\ \text { If \( \mathrm{S} \) then \( \mathrm{T} \).}\\\end{array}$$\quad$ e. $\begin{array} { l } \text {All \( \mathrm{S} \) are \( \mathrm{G} \). }\\ \text { No G are \( T \). }\\ \text { No \( \mathrm{S} \) are \( \mathrm{T} \). }\\\end{array}$ PART B
Which of the following substitutions proves the argument invalid?
A) S = mammals, T = fish, G = dogs.
B) S = cats, T = fish, G = mammals.
C) G = cats, S= mammals, T = fish.
D) T = humble spirits, S = adventurous characters, G = creative individuals.
E) G = dogs, T = cats, S = animals.