Question 1

What types of bonds form between the chlorine and oxygen atoms of the chlorite ion (ClO2-) to minimize the formal charge?

Accepted Answer

A)  single 
B)  between single and double 
C)  double 
D)  triple 
E)  ionic

Question 2

Draw two reasonable Lewis structures for sulfurous acid, H₂SO₃. Identify the most stable form by using the concept of formal charges. Explain the reason for your choice.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Draw two reasonable Lewis structures for sulfurous...

Question 3

A covalent bond results when ________

Accepted Answer

A)  electrons are transferred from one atom to another atom. 
B)  atoms pool their electrons to form a "sea" of electrons. 
C)  atoms have outer electrons with the same principal quantum number. 
D)  electrons are shared between a pair of atoms. 
E)  an atom has 8 valence electrons.

Question 4

Which statement provides the best description of a covalent bond?

Accepted Answer

A)  A high electron density between two positively charged atomic nuclei serves to attract the nuclei to each other. 
B)  The negative charge on one atom is attracted to the positive charge on a second atom. 
C)  Two or more electrons are attracted to each other, thereby holding the atoms together. 
D)  Two atomic nuclei are attracted to each other by the strong nuclear force. 
E)  Two atomic nuclei are attracted to each other by the Coulomb force.

Question 5

Odd electron molecules are called ________

Accepted Answer

A)  anions. 
B)  cations. 
C)  radicals. 
D)  isomers. 
E)  weird.

Question 6

The measure of an atom's ability to attract electrons in a chemical bond is called ________

Accepted Answer

A)  hybridization. 
B)  ionization energy. 
C)  electron affinity. 
D)  electronegativity. 
E)  ionic radius.

Question 7

How many valence electrons are there in HCl?

Accepted Answer

A)  8 
B)  7 
C)  6 
D)  2 
E)  4

Question 8

Indicate the element with the smallest electronegativity.

Accepted Answer

A)  Cl 
B)  F 
C)  Be 
D)  K 
E)  C

Question 9

Describe the relationship between bond order, bond energy, and bond length.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the relationship between bond order, bond...

Question 10

How many valence electrons are contained in CO+?

Accepted Answer

A)  10 
B)  11 
C)  9 
D)  8 
E)  14

Question 11

How many valence electrons surround the xenon atom in xenon tetrafluoride (XeF4)?

Accepted Answer

A)  8 
B)  4 
C)  10 
D)  12 
E)  6

Question 12

Which of these statements correctly describes why methane and carbon dioxide are considered to be significant greenhouse gases?
I. Both have permanent dipole moments that change with vibration of the molecule.
II. Neither has a permanent dipole moment, but a dipole moment is produced when the molecule vibrates.
III. The concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere increases when fossil fuels are mined and burned.

Accepted Answer

A)  I only 
B)  II only 
C)  III only 
D)  I and III only 
E)  II and III only

Question 13

Which of the following bonds is definitely ionic? $$\begin{array} { l l } 
\text { Element } & \text { Electronegativity } \
\mathrm { C } & 2.5 \
\mathrm { O } & 3.5 \
\mathrm { H } & 2.1 \
\mathrm { Li } & 1.0
\end{array}$$

Accepted Answer

A)  Li--C 
B)  Li--H 
C)  Li--O 
D)  Li--Li 
E)  C--O

Question 14

Two reasonable Lewis structure for sulfurous acid (H₂SO₃) are given below. Add the formal charges to each atom.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Two reasonable Lewis structure for sulfurous acid...

Question 15

Urea is the main nitrogen-containing substance secreted in the urine of mammals. It is used as a fertilizer and in many industrial processes. Urea, with the chemical formula CO(NH2)2, has two amino groups (NH2) bonded to a carbonyl group (C=O). Urea has three resonance Lewis structures that complete the octet for all the atoms. Which statements about these structures are correct?
I.All are equivalent.
II.All are nonequivalent.
III.Two are equivalent, and one is nonequivalent.
IV.The formal charges on all the atoms are zero in at least one structure.
V.The nitrogen-carbon and carbon-oxygen bonds all have double-bond character.

Accepted Answer

A)  III and V 
B)  I and IV 
C)  II and IV 
D)  I and V 
E)  III, IV, and V

Question 16

Acetonitrile (CH3CN) is an important industrial chemical. Among other things, it is used to make plastic moldings, which have multiple uses, from car parts to Lego bricks. Which one of the following statements about acetonitrile is not correct?

Accepted Answer

A)  Acetonitrile has 16 valence electrons. 
B)  Acetonitrile has one triple bond. 
C)  Acetonitrile has one pair of nonbonding electrons. 
D)  All atoms satisfy the octet rule in acetonitrile. 
E)  One carbon atom and the nitrogen atom have nonzero formal charges.

Question 17

How many valence electrons are there in a correctly drawn Lewis structure for formamide, HCONH2?

Accepted Answer

A)  12 
B)  14 
C)  16 
D)  18 
E)  20

Question 18

To absorb infrared radiation, a molecule must have ________

Accepted Answer

A)  a vibrational motion that causes a change in dipole moment. 
B)  a double or triple bond. 
C)  no center of symmetry, so one side is different from the other. 
D)  atoms other than carbon and hydrogen. 
E)  at least one carbon and one hydrogen atom.

Question 19

The formal charge of an atom in a Lewis structure is defined as ________

Accepted Answer

A)  the difference between the number of bonding electrons and nonbonding electrons assigned to an atom. 
B)  the difference between the number of valence electrons in a free atom and the total number of valence electrons in the molecule. 
C)  the difference between the number of valence electrons in a free atom and the number of electrons assigned to it in a Lewis structure. 
D)  the difference between the number of valence electrons in a free atom and the number of bonding electrons assigned to it. 
E)  the difference between the number of valence electrons in a free atom and the number of nonbonding electrons assigned to it.

Question 20

Which molecule has the shortest single bond?

Accepted Answer

A)  H2 
B)  HF 
C)  HCl 
D)  HBr 
E)  HI

Exam 8: Chemical Bonds: What Makes a Gas a Greenhouse Gas

What types of bonds form between the chlorine and oxygen atoms of the chlorite ion (ClO₂^-) to minimize the formal charge?

Draw two reasonable Lewis structures for sulfurous acid, H₂SO₃. Identify the most stable form by using the concept of formal charges. Explain the reason for your choice.

A covalent bond results when ________

Which statement provides the best description of a covalent bond?

Odd electron molecules are called ________

The measure of an atom's ability to attract electrons in a chemical bond is called ________

How many valence electrons are there in HCl?

Indicate the element with the smallest electronegativity.

Describe the relationship between bond order, bond energy, and bond length.

How many valence electrons are contained in CO⁺?

How many valence electrons surround the xenon atom in xenon tetrafluoride (XeF₄) ?

Which of the following bonds is definitely ionic? $\begin{array} { l l } \text { Element } & \text { Electronegativity } \\\mathrm { C } & 2.5 \\\mathrm { O } & 3.5 \\\mathrm { H } & 2.1 \\\mathrm { Li } & 1.0\end{array}$

Two reasonable Lewis structure for sulfurous acid (H₂SO₃) are given below. Add the formal charges to each atom.

Acetonitrile (CH₃CN) is an important industrial chemical. Among other things, it is used to make plastic moldings, which have multiple uses, from car parts to Lego bricks. Which one of the following statements about acetonitrile is not correct?

How many valence electrons are there in a correctly drawn Lewis structure for formamide, HCONH₂?

To absorb infrared radiation, a molecule must have ________

The formal charge of an atom in a Lewis structure is defined as ________

Which molecule has the shortest single bond?

Exam 8: Chemical Bonds: What Makes a Gas a Greenhouse Gas

What types of bonds form between the chlorine and oxygen atoms of the chlorite ion (ClO2-) to minimize the formal charge?

Draw two reasonable Lewis structures for sulfurous acid, H2SO3. Identify the most stable form by using the concept of formal charges. Explain the reason for your choice.

A covalent bond results when ________

Which statement provides the best description of a covalent bond?

Odd electron molecules are called ________

The measure of an atom's ability to attract electrons in a chemical bond is called ________

How many valence electrons are there in HCl?

Indicate the element with the smallest electronegativity.

Describe the relationship between bond order, bond energy, and bond length.

How many valence electrons are contained in CO+?

How many valence electrons surround the xenon atom in xenon tetrafluoride (XeF4) ?

Two reasonable Lewis structure for sulfurous acid (H2SO3) are given below. Add the formal charges to each atom.

Acetonitrile (CH3CN) is an important industrial chemical. Among other things, it is used to make plastic moldings, which have multiple uses, from car parts to Lego bricks. Which one of the following statements about acetonitrile is not correct?

How many valence electrons are there in a correctly drawn Lewis structure for formamide, HCONH2?

To absorb infrared radiation, a molecule must have ________

The formal charge of an atom in a Lewis structure is defined as ________

Which molecule has the shortest single bond?

What types of bonds form between the chlorine and oxygen atoms of the chlorite ion (ClO₂^-) to minimize the formal charge?

Draw two reasonable Lewis structures for sulfurous acid, H₂SO₃. Identify the most stable form by using the concept of formal charges. Explain the reason for your choice.

How many valence electrons are contained in CO⁺?

How many valence electrons surround the xenon atom in xenon tetrafluoride (XeF₄) ?

Two reasonable Lewis structure for sulfurous acid (H₂SO₃) are given below. Add the formal charges to each atom.

Acetonitrile (CH₃CN) is an important industrial chemical. Among other things, it is used to make plastic moldings, which have multiple uses, from car parts to Lego bricks. Which one of the following statements about acetonitrile is not correct?

How many valence electrons are there in a correctly drawn Lewis structure for formamide, HCONH₂?