Question 1

Which of the following statements about the demographic transition is correct?

Accepted Answer

A)   During the transition, death rates increase due to sedentary lifestyles linked to industrialization
B)   During the transition, death rates drop first, then there is a lag time before birth rates drop
C)   During the transition, birth rates drop first, which leads to lower mortality overall
D)   During the transition, changes in death rates and birth rates occur in tandem B

Question 2

Which of the following scenarios BEST illustrates the principle of ethical relativism?

Accepted Answer

A)   Local standards for ethical conduct in public health research and practice should always be followed
B)   Universal standards for ethical conduct in public health research and practice should always be followed
C)   Ethical review committees should include representatives from diverse sociocultural backgrounds
D)   Informed consent statements must be translated into local languages and use terminology that is understood by research participants B

Question 3

What was the most significant public health consequence of the Neolithic Revolution?

Accepted Answer

A)   Improvements in sanitation and living conditions
B)   Evolutionary medicine
C)   Densely settled populations that sustained infectious diseases
D)   Use of quarantine in major ports C

Question 4

The Tuskegee Syphilis Study took place during which period of U.S. history?

Accepted Answer

A)   1932-1972
B)   1968-1997
C)   1972-1997
D)   1969-1974

Question 5

The birth of modern public health is associated with:

Accepted Answer

A)   The Renaissance
B)   The Enlightenment
C)   The bubonic plague
D)   The Sanitary Awakening

Question 6

The mean number of children born per woman in a particular population ranges between 1 and 10. This indicator is called?

Accepted Answer

A)   Total fertility rate
B)   Crude birth rate
C)   Age-adjusted fertility rate
D)   Population growth rate

Question 7

John Snow is famous in public health history for which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)   Discovered the link between drinking water and cholera
B)   Invented the use of immunization to prevent infectious disease
C)   Proved the germ theory of disease
D)   Identified the human immunodeficiency virus

Question 8

The epidemiologic transition refers to the emergence and resurgence) of new infectious diseases in recent years such as HIV/AIDS and tuberculosis.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

The interdisciplinary field of study that examines current-day medical problems from the perspective of how ancient patterns of life continue to influence health and illness is:

Accepted Answer

A)   Human ecology
B)   Psychoneuroimmunology
C)   Evolutionary medicine
D)   Physical anthropology

Question 10

Local health departments are typically involved in providing preventive health services, communicable disease control programs, and community health education, among other activities. Which of the core functions of public health does this represent?

Accepted Answer

A)   Assessment
B)   Policy development
C)   Assurance
D)   Surveillance

Question 11

Which of the following public health measures was not widely used prior to the Sanitary Awakening?

Accepted Answer

A)   Inoculation
B)   Quarantine
C)   Registration of births and deaths
D)   Vector control

Question 12

Infant mortality rate IMR) is defined as:

Accepted Answer

A)   The total number of deaths among infants in the first year of life, per 100,000 live births
B)   The total number of deaths among infants in the first year of life, per 100,000 population
C)   The total number of deaths among infants in the first year of life, per 1,000 live births
D)   The total number of deaths among infants in the first year of life, per 1,000 population

Question 13

An evolutionary perspective on reproductive cancers highlights the importance of changes in:

Accepted Answer

A)  lgA
B)  Co-sleeping
C)  Age at menarche
D)   Bilirubin

Question 14

An early public health advocate in the United States was:

Accepted Answer

A)   Edwin Chadwick
B)   Lemuel Shattuck
C)   Rudolph Virchow
D)   Louis Villerme

Exam 2: Historical Perspectives on Population and Disease