Question 1

Correlational Designs The Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient ranges between

Accepted Answer

A)  0 and -1.
B)  0 and +1.
C)  -1 and +1.
D)  -2 and +2. C

Question 2

Correlational Designs The coefficient of determination is represented by the symbol

Accepted Answer

A)  d'.
B)  r.
C)  r 2.
D)  R. C

Question 3

Correlational Designs ____ estimates the amount of variability in scores on one variable that
Can be explained by another variable.

Accepted Answer

A)  Multiple correlation
B)  Multiple regression
C)  Simple correlation
D)  The coefficient of determination D

Question 4

Causal Modeling Researchers measured body mass index and collected exercise diaries from 250 college students during their freshman and senior years.They
Calculated correlations between these variables and found that the largest
Diagonal correlation was + .45.Which design did they use?

Accepted Answer

A)  cross-lagged panel design
B)  cross-sectional design
C)  ex post facto study
D)  path analysis

Question 5

Quasi-Experimental Designs Longitudinal designs can be challenging due to

Accepted Answer

A)  extensive time commitment.
B)  low external validity.
C)  subject dropout.
D)  extensive time commitment and subject dropout.

Question 6

Quasi-Experimental Designs A researcher wants to study change in student attitudes towards body
Piercing across their 4 years of high school.Which quasi-experimental
Design should she use?

Accepted Answer

A)  cross-lagged panel design
B)  cross-sectional study
C)  ex post facto study
D)  longitudinal design

Question 7

Correlational Designs The relationship between ____ best illustrates a positive correlation.

Accepted Answer

A)  alcohol consumption and driving performance
B)  aspirin use and risk of heart attack
C)  exercise frequency and depression
D)  wearing seat belts and life expectancy

Question 8

Correlational Designs Researchers can use ____ to predict hyperactivity scores for children
Diagnosed with attention deficit disorder if they know their daily consumption
Of both refined sugar and artificial food coloring.

Accepted Answer

A)  factor analysis
B)  multiple regression analysis
C)  path analysis
D)  simple correlation

Question 9

Correlational Designs Conway and Rubin (1991) measured responses to 27 statements about
Reasons for watching television and identified six different groups of
Statements that were strongly intercorrelated.Which statistical procedure did
They use?

Accepted Answer

A)  factor analysis
B)  multiple correlation
C)  path analysis
D)  simple correlation

Question 10

Introduction Correlational studies are generally ____ in the degree of manipulation of antecedent conditions and ____ in the degree of imposition of units.

Accepted Answer

A)  low, high
B)  low, low
C)  high, high
D)  high, low

Question 11

Introduction Both correlational and quasi-experimental designs tend to be high in

Accepted Answer

A)  control of extraneous variables.
B)  internal validity.
C)  imposition of units.
D)  manipulation of antecedents.

Question 12

Causal Modeling Researchers who use path analysis to model causal relationships achieve low
Internal validity because

Accepted Answer

A)  no antecedents are manipulated.
B)  subjects are selected using nonprobability sampling.
C)  there is low imposition of units.
D)  all of these

Question 13

Quasi-Experimental Designs In a pretest/posttest design, participants may improve with repeated testing
Due to increased familiarity with a test.This problem is called

Accepted Answer

A)  bidirectional causation.
B)  practice effects.
C)  regression to the mean.
D)  the third variable problem.

Question 14

Correlational Designs When the correlation between X and Y is ____, prediction using a
Regression equation is most accurate.

Accepted Answer

A)  high
B)  low
C)  negative
D)  positive

Question 15

Quasi-Experimental Designs Which study would a researcher use to compare the birth weights of children
Whose mothers chose to smoke or abstain from smoking during pregnancy?

Accepted Answer

A)  correlational
B)  cross-sectional
C)  ex post facto
D)  longitudinal

Question 16

Quasi-Experimental Designs The Solomon 4-group design is an extension of the ____ design.

Accepted Answer

A)  cross-lagged panel
B)  cross-sectional
C)  ex post facto
D)  pretest/posttest

Question 17

Correlational Designs A beta weight reported in multiple regression analysis refers to the

Accepted Answer

A)  importance of a variable as a predictor.
B)  intercorrelation among three or more variables.
C)  reliability of a variable as a predictor.
D)  variability of the predicted variable.

Question 18

Causal Modeling In a cross-lagged panel design, researchers focus on the ____ to identify
A possible causal path.

Accepted Answer

A)  diagonal correlations
B)  horizontal correlations
C)  regression line
D)  vertical correlations

Question 19

Introduction How do quasi-experiments compare with laboratory experiments?

Accepted Answer

A)  quasi-experiments achieve less realism
B)  quasi-experiments achieve lower internal validity
C)  quasi-experiments achieve higher internal validity
D)  both designs achieve comparable internal validity

Question 20

Introduction Which design do researchers use to study a possible causal relationship
Between preexisting antecedent conditions (e.g., smoking) and behavioral
Effects (e.g., lung cancer) in human subjects?

Accepted Answer

A)  causal modeling
B)  correlational
C)  experimental
D)  quasi-experimental

Exam 5: Alternatives to Experimentation: Correlational and Quasi-Experimental Designs

Correlational Designs The Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient ranges between

Correlational Designs The coefficient of determination is represented by the symbol

Correlational Designs ____ estimates the amount of variability in scores on one variable that Can be explained by another variable.

Causal Modeling Researchers measured body mass index and collected exercise diaries from 250 college students during their freshman and senior years.They Calculated correlations between these variables and found that the largest Diagonal correlation was + .45.Which design did they use?

Quasi-Experimental Designs Longitudinal designs can be challenging due to

Quasi-Experimental Designs A researcher wants to study change in student attitudes towards body Piercing across their 4 years of high school.Which quasi-experimental Design should she use?

Correlational Designs The relationship between ____ best illustrates a positive correlation.

Correlational Designs Researchers can use ____ to predict hyperactivity scores for children Diagnosed with attention deficit disorder if they know their daily consumption Of both refined sugar and artificial food coloring.

Correlational Designs Conway and Rubin (1991) measured responses to 27 statements about Reasons for watching television and identified six different groups of Statements that were strongly intercorrelated.Which statistical procedure did They use?

Introduction Correlational studies are generally in the degree of manipulation of antecedent conditions and in the degree of imposition of units.

Introduction Both correlational and quasi-experimental designs tend to be high in

Causal Modeling Researchers who use path analysis to model causal relationships achieve low Internal validity because

Quasi-Experimental Designs In a pretest/posttest design, participants may improve with repeated testing Due to increased familiarity with a test.This problem is called

Correlational Designs When the correlation between X and Y is ____, prediction using a Regression equation is most accurate.

Quasi-Experimental Designs Which study would a researcher use to compare the birth weights of children Whose mothers chose to smoke or abstain from smoking during pregnancy?

Quasi-Experimental Designs The Solomon 4-group design is an extension of the ____ design.

Correlational Designs A beta weight reported in multiple regression analysis refers to the

Causal Modeling In a cross-lagged panel design, researchers focus on the ____ to identify A possible causal path.

Introduction How do quasi-experiments compare with laboratory experiments?

Introduction Which design do researchers use to study a possible causal relationship Between preexisting antecedent conditions (e.g., smoking) and behavioral Effects (e.g., lung cancer) in human subjects?