Question 1

Because of the positive outcome, what is one of the most influential human motives that drives many human actions?

Accepted Answer

A)  Forgiveness 
B)  Egotism 
C)  Altruism 
D)  Empathy

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT a component related to the emergence of gratitude?

Accepted Answer

A)  The other person has behaved in a way that was costly to him or her. 
B)  The two people involved in the positive outcome are not related. 
C)  The recipient of the positive outcome views the assistance as valuable. 
D)  The assistance was given intentionally

Question 3

Which of the following characteristics have been reported by people who Gratitude journals?

Accepted Answer

A)  Enthusiasm, empathy, and determination 
B)  Enthusiasm, alertness, and humility 
C)  Enthusiasm, alertness, and determination 
D)  Empathy, humility, and determination

Question 4

What do altruism and gratitude have in common as necessary conditions?

Accepted Answer

A)  Some type of inequality between the people involved. 
B)  The ability to empathize with others. 
C)  A demonstrated need that exceeds someone's ability to cope. 
D)  An awareness of social interaction strategies.

Question 5

Which part of the brain is related to the development of empathy, according to researchers?

Accepted Answer

A)  The temporal and parietal lobes 
B)  The left somatosensory cortex 
C)  The function of mirror neurons 
D)  All of the above are involved

Question 6

According to the forgiveness model of Gordon and colleagues, when someone is in the stage of feeling negative emotions involving hurt, fear, and anger, which stage of forgiveness are they in?

Accepted Answer

A)  The impact stage 
B)  The recovery stage 
C)  The meaning stage 
D)  The transition stage

Question 7

List and explain some of the factors that increase the probability of forgiveness, overall and with specific mention of culture, gender, and age.

Accepted Answer

The answer of List and explain some of the factors...

Question 8

Forgiving another creates positive feelings in the person forgiving as well as the one being forgiven. Think about a situation in which you forgave someone. Explain how you felt before and after forgiving. Do you think that this forgiveness was geniune forgiveness? Why? Link your comments to one or more of the forgiveness theories presented in the chapter.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Forgiving another creates positive feelings in the...

Question 9

Gratitude meditation requires three main questions be asked of oneself. Which of the following is NOT one of the questions?

Accepted Answer

A)  What did I receive? 
B)  What did I give? 
C)  What troubles did I have? 
D)  What troubles did I cause others?

Question 10

Which of the following factors is positively correlated with general feelings of gratitude?

Accepted Answer

A)  Having more than other people to whom one compares oneself. 
B)  Having had a history of deficit or hardship. 
C)  Having been raised by socially conscious and empathetic parents. 
D)  Degree of religiousness.

Question 11

Now think about a time in which you wanted to be forgiven. Were you or were you not forgiven; how did you feel? What are similarities and differences between the feelings that you felt when forgiving and the feelings you had when you were forgiven?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Now think about a time in which...

Question 12

According to evolutionary theory, lacking specific skills may cause aggressive or retaliative behaviors that may threaten the group. What skill should be learned, according to Enright, to lesson this tendency?

Accepted Answer

A)  Gratitude 
B)  Altruism 
C)  Forgiveness 
D)  Communication

Question 13

Sally has gotten into an argument with her boyfriend about an accusation that was made of her cheating. Sally was not guilty and had many feelings of bitterness and hatred toward her boyfriend because of this accusation. Her boyfriend calls after many days of not talking and apologizes and asks Sally to forgive him and take her back. Sally has empathic feelings and decides to forgive her boyfriend for doubting her. According to Chapter 11, how is Sally's forgiveness likely to affect her in the future?

Accepted Answer

A)  She will participate in more prosocial behavior 
B)  She will regret forgiving

Question 14

The innocent bystander effect occurs when people diffuse responsibility onto others, which often happens in busy or crowded environments. Think about one situation in which you may have participated in the innocent bystander effect by diffusing responsibility onto others. Why did this happen? If you would have acted in a more altruistic manner, how might the situation have changed? What feelings would you and the person you helped have had? Make a list of things you can do to increase the likelihood that you will not succumb to the innocent bystander effect in the future.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The innocent bystander effect occurs when people...

Question 15

When one feels the extreme need to consider oneself special and unique and different from others, it may create difficulty with others. Which of the following will desires such as these hinder?

Accepted Answer

A)  Empathy 
B)  Forgiveness 
C)  Gratitude 
D)  Altruism

Question 16

A man is angry and resentful toward a snowstorm that caused his wife to get into a terrible car accident. As a result of the accident, she is paralyzed from the waist down. Which of the following forgiveness theorists would accept forgiveness of a non-human?

Accepted Answer

A)  Tangney and colleagues 
B)  McCullough and colleagues 
C)  Thompson and colleagues 
D)  Enright and colleagues

Question 17

Johnny has done something wrong and is attempting to perform self-forgiveness so he can move on with his life. What feelings is Johnny likely to have before forgiving himself?

Accepted Answer

A)  Shame and Guilt 
B)  Hostility and Anger 
C)  No Remorse or Regrets 
D)  Love and Acceptance

Question 18

Which of the following factors is believed to underlie an evolutionary basis for human empathy?

Accepted Answer

A)  Individuals who were able to evoke empathy in others gained a survival advantage. 
B)  Being able to recognize altruistic traits resulted in selecting a similarly altruistic mate. 
C)  Altruistic people were more likely to produce twins, and therefore increase total reproduction. 
D)  Displays of altruism were more likely to result in gaining sexual favors.

Question 19

Which researchers have developed a definition of forgiveness that specifically allows for the forgiveness of things besides other people, such as situations?

Accepted Answer

A)  McCullough and colleagues 
B)  Enright and colleagues 
C)  Thompson and colleagues 
D)  Tangney and colleagues

Question 20

What is a possible situation in which empathic muting may occur?

Accepted Answer

A)  When one does not produce the positive changes in their profession that they wish to produce. 
B)  When something bad happens and many people are around so that everyone diffuses responsibility onto another. 
C)  When one is in contact with another that they do not like and wish bad things upon. 
D)  When one is extremely tired and incapable of feeling emotions.

Exam 11: Empathy and Egotism: Portals to Altruism, Gratitude, and Forgiveness