Question 1

Which term best describes the ability to see alternatives when one's route to a goal is blocked?

Accepted Answer

A)  Pathways Thinking 
B)  Agency 
C)  Optimism 
D)  Self-efficacy

Question 2

What best predicts approach-oriented coping strategies and planfulness?

Accepted Answer

A)  Pessimism 
B)  Hope 
C)  Self-efficacy 
D)  Optimism

Question 3

Which of the following people is most likely to fall victim to stereotype threat?

Accepted Answer

A)  John, who has to write a paper for his sociality class. 
B)  Mary, who has to give a speech at her high school graduation. 
C)  Joseph, who is taking an IQ test. 
D)  Sarah, who is applying to get a math scholarship.

Question 4

From a neurobiological perspective, what areas of the brain are believed to play a role in self-efficacy?

Accepted Answer

A)  Lateral and temporal lobes 
B)  Frontal lobe and the neocortex 
C)  Frontal and prefrontal lobes 
D)  Temporal and occipital lobes

Question 5

Native Americans, Latinos, African-Americans, and Asian Americans tend to perceive time in a manner in which many things are conceptualized as happening at once with people. What is this called?

Accepted Answer

A)  Polychromic 
B)  Polysequential 
C)  Polychromatic 
D)  Polytemporal

Question 6

In proving its concurrent validity, what was The Hope Scale negatively correlated with?

Accepted Answer

A)  Depression 
B)  Optimism 
C)  Anger 
D)  Self-esteem

Question 7

The ability to go back and explore the explanatory style of famous historical figures in their speeches, diaries, or newspapers is a benefit of what measure of attributional style?

Accepted Answer

A)  The ASQ 
B)  The CAVE approach 
C)  The Hope Scale 
D)  The LOT

Question 8

What was the Occupational Questionnaire designed to measure?

Accepted Answer

A)  Students' mastery of various academic subjects 
B)  Students' mastery of various vocations 
C)  Students' ability to hold a part-time job 
D)  Students' preferences for their parents' occupations

Question 9

How would a pessimist explain a bad event?

Accepted Answer

A)  As external, variable, and specific 
B)  As internal, stable, and global 
C)  As external, stable, and specific 
D)  As internal, variable, and global

Question 10

According to harassment and colleagues, self-efficacy and technological pursuits was highest for

Accepted Answer

A)  men. 
B)  women. 
C)  people who were androgynous. 
D)  people scored higher in masculine gender role traits.

Question 11

When comparing men and women on the measures of comparative optimism in personal optimism, man scored _________ than women on comparative optimism and____________ than women on personal optimism.

Accepted Answer

A)  Higher; lower 
B)  Lower; higher 
C)  Lower; lower 
D)  Higher; higher

Question 12

According to Bandura, people's beliefs in their abilities to produce desired effects is called ___________, while an examination of what needs to be done in order to reach a desired goal is called ________________.

Accepted Answer

A)  efficacy expectancies; outcome expectancies 
B)  self-efficacy; efficacy expectancies 
C)  self-efficacy; outcome expectancies 
D)  outcome expectancies; efficacy expectancies

Question 13

Who developed the Time Perspective Inventory?

Accepted Answer

A)  Zimbardo 
B)  Seligman 
C)  Carver and Scheier 
D)  Bandura

Question 14

Discuss how hope develops, what neurobiology is involved, and what hope predicts.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Discuss how hope develops, what neurobiology is...

Question 15

A person's belief that good things are more likely to happen to them than to other people is called

Accepted Answer

A)  personal optimism 
B)  comparative optimism 
C)  relative optimism 
D)  self-serving optimism

Question 16

Sherer's Self-Efficacy Scale is what type of index?

Accepted Answer

A)  Trait-like 
B)  Global 
C)  General 
D)  Specific

Question 17

Which of the following statements best describes the social cognitive perspective?

Accepted Answer

A)  Humans are largely shaped by environmental forces. 
B)  Humans actively shaped their lives rather than passively reacting to environmental forces 
C)  Humans affect their environment as much as their environment affects them. 
D)  Human cognition is greater determined of our outcomes than our behaviors are.

Question 18

The sense of assurance in one's ability to participate and interact in a culture of origin and a second culture is referred to as

Accepted Answer

A)  cultural self-efficacy. 
B)  bicultural self-efficacy 
C)  adaptive self-efficacy. 
D)  acculturation.

Question 19

According to Bandura ______________ do not (or does not) add much to efficacy expectancies when predicting human actions.

Accepted Answer

A)  outcome expectancies 
B)  efficacy expectancies 
C)  self efficacy 
D)  optimism

Exam 8: Seeing Our Futures Through Self-Efficacy, Optimism, and Hope