Question 1

Discuss the pros and cons of the major theories of addiction. Which theory (e.g., transtheoretical, gateway, differential association, exposure, or conditioning) do you think is most likely to lead to effective social work intervention? Can the role of'addict' be a successful target of intervention without addressing cultural or physiological considerations?

Accepted Answer

The major theories of addiction each have their own set of pros and cons. The transtheoretical model, for example, emphasizes the stages of change and the individual's readiness to change, which can be helpful in tailoring interventions to the individual's specific needs. However, it may not fully address the underlying factors that contribute to addiction. The gateway theory suggests that the use of certain substances can lead to the use of more harmful substances, but it may oversimplify the complex nature of addiction and overlook other contributing factors. Differential association theory focuses on the influence of social interactions and learning on addictive behaviors, which can be valuable in understanding the social context of addiction, but it may not fully account for individual differences. Exposure theory emphasizes the role of environmental cues in triggering addictive behaviors, but it may not fully address the psychological and emotional aspects of addiction. Conditioning theory highlights the role of reinforcement and punishment in shaping addictive behaviors, but it may overlook the broader social and cultural factors that contribute to addiction.

In terms of effective social work intervention, the transtheoretical model may be the most likely to lead to effective intervention, as it takes into account the individual's readiness to change and tailors interventions accordingly. However, it is important to note that effective intervention often requires a combination of approaches that address both individual and environmental factors.

Addressing the role of the 'addict' as a target of intervention without considering cultural or physiological considerations may not be successful in the long term. Addiction is a complex and multifaceted issue that is influenced by a range of biological, psychological, social, and cultural factors. Effective intervention requires a holistic approach that addresses all of these factors. Cultural considerations are important in understanding the individual's beliefs, values, and social context, while physiological considerations are crucial in addressing the physical and neurological aspects of addiction. Ignoring these factors may limit the effectiveness of intervention efforts. Therefore, it is essential for social work interventions to be comprehensive and consider all relevant factors in addressing addiction.

Question 2

The need for increasing amounts of a substance in order to produce the same effect over time is called

Accepted Answer

A)   Dependence
B)   Tolerance
C)   Withdrawal
D)   Drug seeking B

Question 3

The response to drug use that produces initial excitement and pleasure followed by a letdown and sadness is called

Accepted Answer

A)   Opponent process theory
B)   Differential association theory
C)   Social learning theory
D)   Transtheoretical theory A

Question 4

Discuss the gateway theory of addiction. What are thought to be significant gateway drugs? Is the evidence that the use of these drugs leads to use of more and more dangerous drugs? How should social work practice address the issue of gateway drugs?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Discuss the gateway theory of addiction. What...

Question 5

Can addiction be treated effectively by addressing the symptomatic behavior alone?Are there underlying conditions which predispose addiction that must be addressed? Is there evidence that factors such as sexuality (Freud) or spirituality (Jung) must be addressed to overcome addiction?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Can addiction be treated effectively by addressing...

Question 6

The prevalence of a condition such as addiction refers to which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)   The number of addicts at one time
B)   The number of new addicts
C)   The number of relapsing victims
D)   The number of addicts minus the number of those in recovery

Question 7

Compare and contrast addictive behaviors that are caused by psychoactive substances such as alcohol and tobacco with those addictions that center on compulsive activities such as sexual activity and gambling. Are these patterns part of the same condition? How would you approach the two types of addiction differently as a social worker?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Compare and contrast addictive behaviors that are...

Question 8

According to Jellinek's model dipsomania occurs in which phase of alcoholism?

Accepted Answer

A)   Alpha alcoholic
B)   Beta alcoholic
C)   Gamma alcoholic
D)   Epsilon alcoholic

Question 9

Labile moods are understood as

Accepted Answer

A)   Mood instability
B)   Depressed moods
C)   Absence of moods
D)   Euphoric moods

Question 10

Andrew Weill regards drug use as which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)   A biochemical problem
B)   A neurotic coping pattern
C)   A common and natural human activity
D)   A manifestation of sexual maladaptation

Question 11

Compare the disease model of addiction, such as that proposed by the DSM IV TR with Andrew Weill's theory that addiction is essentially an extreme case of a normal human impulse to seek emotional highs. Can changing social norms be expected to alter addictive behavior? Does the disease model generate a self-fulfilling prophecy regarding addiction and relapse?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Compare the disease model of addiction, such...

Question 12

Which of the following is a type of inhalant substance often abuse?

Accepted Answer

A)   Tobacco
B)   Glue
C)   Peyote
D)   All of the above

Question 13

Which of the following is a synonym for the existence of two or more psychiatric disorders which occur in the same person at the same time?

Accepted Answer

A)   Dual diagnosis
B)   Comorbidity
C)   Co-occurring disorders
D)   All of the above

Question 14

Delirium tremens is a pathological condition which

Accepted Answer

A)   Leads to drug addiction
B)   Is the loss of reality testing
C)   Results from alcohol withdrawal
D)   Is due to opioid overdose

Question 15

Alan Marlatt's relapse prevention model is based on which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)   Use of antabuse
B)   Increased self-esteem
C)   Attendance at support group meetings
D)   Improved insight

Question 16

Differential identification theory by Glaser proposes which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)   Addicts ten to identify with other-sex parents
B)   Addicts tend to identify with social deviants
C)   Addicts tend to reject social support
D)   Addicts are unable to form stable relationships

Question 17

Addiction can be understood as which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)   Psychological or physiological dependence on a substance
B)   Compulsive and involuntary engagement in activities
C)   A new role that disrupts adaptation
D)   All of the above

Question 18

Bentham, Becker, Skog and others propose that addiction is a result of

Accepted Answer

A)   Craving
B)   Personal choice
C)   Maladaptation
D)   Deviance

Question 19

The concept of 'hitting bottom' for addiction is associated with the work of

Accepted Answer

A)   Andrew Weill
B)   Jeremy Bentham
C)   E. M. Jellinek
D)   Albert Bandura

Question 20

According to the American Psychiatric Association DSM IV TR the most severe drug use is

Accepted Answer

A)   Substance intoxication
B)   Substance abuse
C)   Substance withdrawal
D)   Substance dependence

Exam 13: Theories Applied to Addiction