Question 1

The theory that development emerges from interactions with more skilled people and the institutions and tools provided by the culture is:

Accepted Answer

A) social information processing theory 
B) cognitive social learning theory 
C) sociocultural theory 
D) cognitive developmental theory

Question 2

Considerable empirical support exists for the Oedipus complex

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

In Freud's theory, the personality component that is the repository of the child's internalization of parental or societal values, morals, and roles is the:

Accepted Answer

A) id 
B) superego 
C) ego 
D) zone of proximal development

Question 4

In Freud's theory, instinctual drives that operate on the basis of the pleasure principle comprise the:

Accepted Answer

A) superego 
B) id 
C) ego 
D) all of the above

Question 5

The Electra complex appears during which developmental stage?

Accepted Answer

A) phallic 
B) latency 
C) genital 
D) concrete operations

Question 6

The idea that children learned to love their mothers because their mothers provided them with food was an example of:

Accepted Answer

A) cognitive social learning theory 
B) generativity 
C) drive reduction theory 
D) a critical period

Question 7

The fact that children follow very different paths to reach the same developmental end point is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

A) multifinality 
B) equifinality 
C) domain specificity 
D) age cohorts

Question 8

List the steps in Dodge's social information processing model

Accepted Answer

The answer of List the steps in Dodge's social information...

Question 9

Which is not a contribution of psychodynamic theory?

Accepted Answer

A) the role of the unconscious or instinctual urges 
B) the idea of development being discontinuous and composed of stages 
C) the idea that early experience can have long-lasting implications 
D) the recognition that social behavior can be caused by the situation instead of the individual

Question 10

Having a close friend can make up for being rejected by classmates

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

The theory that behavior must be viewed in a particular context and as having adaptive or survival value is:

Accepted Answer

A) ecological theory 
B) psychosocial theory 
C) ethological theory 
D) evolutionary developmental theory

Question 12

Which of the following best illustrates operant conditioning:

Accepted Answer

A) a parent tells a child he did a good job after he completes his homework early 
B) a parent will not allow a child to watch TV because she broke a house rule 
C) a parent makes sure to reward a child's prosocial behavior at least some of the time 
D) all of the above

Question 13

A version of learning theory stating that the association of stimulus and response results in learning only if it is accompanied by reduction of motivators such as hunger and thirst is:

Accepted Answer

A) classical conditioning 
B) operant conditioning 
C) desensitization 
D) drive reduction

Question 14

A type of learning in which a new stimulus is repeatedly presented with a familiar stimulus until an individual learns to respond to the new stimulus in the same way as the familiar stimulus is:

Accepted Answer

A) operant conditioning 
B) desensitization 
C) classical conditioning 
D) reciprocal determination

Question 15

The divergence of developmental paths in which two individuals start out similarly but end at very different points is:

Accepted Answer

A) multifinality 
B) equifinality 
C) a social dyad 
D) an age cohort

Question 16

The theory that discusses the zone of proximal development is:

Accepted Answer

A) cognitive social learning theory 
B) sociocultural theory 
C) psychosocial theory 
D) ethological theory

Question 17

Which of the following best illustrates classical conditioning:

Accepted Answer

A) a parent tells a child he did a good job after he completes his homework early 
B) a parent will not allow a child to watch TV because she broke a house rule 
C) a parent makes sure to reward a child's prosocial behavior intermittently instead of continuously 
D) a mother gives her toddler a snack whenever she hears the toddler's new baby sibling crying to be nursed

Question 18

The time-based dimension that can alter the operation of all other systems in Bronfenbrenner's model is the:

Accepted Answer

A) temporal system 
B) developmental system 
C) chronosystem 
D) macrosystem

Question 19

Define and give an example of multifinality and equifinality

Accepted Answer

The answer of Define and give an example of multifinality...

Question 20

In Bronfenbrenner's ecological theory, the context in which children live and interact with the people and institutions closest to them, such as parents, peers, and school, is the:

Accepted Answer

A) macrosystem 
B) mesosystem 
C) microsystem 
D) exosystem

Exam 1: Introduction: Theories of Social Development