Question 1

Piaget's stages of cognitive development

Accepted Answer

A)  have only been documented in Piaget's own children. 
B)  apply more directly to the cognitive development of girls than boys. 
C)  apply more directly to the cognitive development of boys than girls. 
D)  have been documented in children in several different countries.

Question 2

How is it possible to assess cognitive development in children who are too young to talk?

Accepted Answer

The answer of How is it possible to assess cognitive...

Question 3

By the end of the primary circular reaction substage, Piaget's son Laurent was

Accepted Answer

A)  discovering his hands by chance. 
B)  moving his hands in order to see them. 
C)  looking for toys that his father had hidden. 
D)  imitating his father's facial expressions.

Question 4

Match the following:
-Receptive vocabulary

Accepted Answer

A) average number of morphemes in an utterance 
B) words the child can use 
C) assesses mental and motor abilities 
D) underlying meaning of a sentence 
E) discriminate known objects from novel objects
F)one-word utterance that conveys a sentence of meaning
G)words the child knows
H)learning language results from an interaction between the environment and an inborn tendency
I)repeat behaviors that affect the environment
J)one example is babbling
K)concept of the world
L)modification of existing schemes
M)"Car go!"
N)communication through symbols formed by moving hands and arms
O)items exist even when out of sight
P)imitation of people or events that occurred in the past
Q)automatic repetition of sounds or words
R)characterized by impaired comprehension of speech
S)schemes are applied to specific situations
T)period during which the brain is capable of learning language due to its plasticity

Question 5

David is a new father and wants to know what he can do to enhance his child's language development. He reads a few research studies and finds that language growth in children is enhanced when adults

Accepted Answer

A)  ask questions of the child. 
B)  correct the child when she makes language errors. 
C)  make sure the child watches educational television. 
D)  get a tablet device with learning software installed.

Question 6

What is the earliest age that a rudimentary knowledge of object permanence has been found?

Accepted Answer

A)  At birth 
B)  2 ½ to 3 ½ months 
C)  8-10 months 
D)  12-14 months

Question 7

In which substage of sensorimotor development would you first witness goal-directed behavior?

Accepted Answer

A)  Simple reflexes 
B)  Secondary circular reactions 
C)  Primary circular reactions 
D)  Tertiary circular reactions

Question 8

Theo is 10 months old. His parents overhear him talking to himself in his crib. His language resembles adult speech in sound, with words rising and falling. This is called

Accepted Answer

A)  echolalia. 
B)  intonation. 
C)  turn-taking. 
D)  vocabulary development.

Question 9

In terms of individual differences in intelligence among infants,

Accepted Answer

A)  there are no individual differences in intelligence among infants. 
B)  infant intelligence develops in a discontinuous, stage-like process across childhood. 
C)  there can be a great deal of variability in intelligence among infants. 
D)  there is a genetic process of development that minimizes individual differences in infant intelligence.

Question 10

Match the following:
-Deep structure

Accepted Answer

A) average number of morphemes in an utterance 
B) words the child can use 
C) assesses mental and motor abilities 
D) underlying meaning of a sentence 
E) discriminate known objects from novel objects
F)one-word utterance that conveys a sentence of meaning
G)words the child knows
H)learning language results from an interaction between the environment and an inborn tendency
I)repeat behaviors that affect the environment
J)one example is babbling
K)concept of the world
L)modification of existing schemes
M)"Car go!"
N)communication through symbols formed by moving hands and arms
O)items exist even when out of sight
P)imitation of people or events that occurred in the past
Q)automatic repetition of sounds or words
R)characterized by impaired comprehension of speech
S)schemes are applied to specific situations
T)period during which the brain is capable of learning language due to its plasticity

Question 11

Which of the following is TRUE of infant memory?

Accepted Answer

A)  Infants demonstrate memory for experiences they had during the pregnancy (before birth). 
B)  Infants do not demonstrate reliable memory until about 3 months of age. 
C)  Infants can only remember after 6 months of age. 
D)  Infants can memorize things with only one exposure.

Question 12

Natalie is 18 months old and mispronounces some words when she is speaking. Her parents are quick to correct her pronunciation. According to research,

Accepted Answer

A)  correcting her pronunciation will increase her language development. 
B)  correcting her pronunciation may slow her language development. 
C)  correcting her pronunciation will have no effect on her language development as language acquisition is caused by innate or inborn prewiring. 
D)  no hypotheses can be made about this topic as of yet.

Question 13

Words expressing movement are rarely found in children's early speech.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

If an infant cries when the mother puts her down and walks away, and then stops crying when the mother picks the infant back up, does this represent an understanding of object permanence?

Accepted Answer

A)  Yes 
B)  No 
C)  Yes, but only if the child is at least 2 months old 
D)  Not necessarily; it depends upon whether the child has a mental representation of the mother

Question 15

According to psycholinguistic theory, language acquisition

Accepted Answer

A)  is dependent upon resolving conflicts between the id, ego, and superego. 
B)  is primarily dependent upon stimulation from the environment. 
C)  is related to both inborn tendencies and environmental influences. 
D)  depends upon the length of one's sensitive period.

Question 16

Dylan's dad places a toy that Dylan has been playing with under a small blanket. Dylan lifts the cloth to find the toy Dylan's behavior is representative of which stage of cognitive development?

Accepted Answer

A)  Coordination of secondary schemes 
B)  Primary circular reaction 
C)  Secondary circular reaction 
D)  Tertiary circular reaction

Question 17

Rovee-Collier and her colleagues (1993) tied one end of a ribbon to a brightly colored mobile and tied the other end ties to an infant's ankle. What did these studies measure?

Accepted Answer

A)  Object permanence 
B)  Habituation 
C)  Memory 
D)  The age of onset of primary circular reactions

Question 18

What is a circular reaction?

Accepted Answer

A)  A behavior that is repeated 
B)  A connection between an observation and a memory 
C)  A connection between a stimulus and a response 
D)  A simple reflex

Question 19

Jasdeep can tell the difference between a person he has seen before and a new one. This ability is referred to as

Accepted Answer

A)  habituation. 
B)  sensory memory. 
C)  visual recognition memory. 
D)  classical conditioning.

Question 20

To whom do we attribute the concept of mean length of utterance (MLU)?

Accepted Answer

A)  Piaget 
B)  Chomsky 
C)  Bayley 
D)  Brown

Exam 6: Infancy-Cognitive-Development