Question 1

Which of the following is NOT true regarding field experiments?

Accepted Answer

A)  They have an experimental manipulation. 
B)  They have a measured dependent variable. 
C)  They are always more externally valid than lab experiments. 
D)  They use a method for creating initial equivalence.

Question 2

A researcher who studies the outcomes of prior experiments by statistically analyzing effect size measures is conducting a

Accepted Answer

A)  research program. 
B)  review paper. 
C)  field experiment. 
D)  meta-analysis.

Question 3

Which of the following statistics is used as the dependent measure in a meta-analysis?

Accepted Answer

A)  The effect size 
B)  The Pearson correlation coefficient 
C)  The ANOVA 
D)  The meta-relational statistic

Question 4

In terms of learning about generalization across participants,

Accepted Answer

A)  the researcher can normally be confident that a result found in one sample will generalize to all populations that he or she is interested in. 
B)  the researcher can usually be confident that a result found in one sample will not generalize beyond the sample that he or she has studied. 
C)  no sample of research participants can provide definitive information about how a finding will generalize. 
D)  it is possible to make highly accurate statements about the likelihood of a finding generalizing to all populations.

Question 5

Which of the following is a potential difficulty of cross-cultural replications?

Accepted Answer

A)  The findings are difficult to interpret. 
B)  They are not scientific. 
C)  There are not enough cultural variables. 
D)  There is too much random error.

Question 6

Parr, Kavanagh, Cahill, Young, and Mitchell (2008) conducted a meta-analysis to study the effects of different types of treatments on the success of tranquilizer withdrawal. The dependent measure in this study is which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  The year of publication of the studies. 
B)  The number of participants in the studies. 
C)  The effect size of the studies 
D)  The correlations among the studies.

Question 7

When we say that there is a relationship between two variables but that this relationship only occurs under certain conditions, then the variable that represents the conditions under which the effect does or does not occur is known as which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  A mediator variable 
B)  A generalization variable 
C)  A moderator variable 
D)  An external variable

Question 8

If a research finding was found to hold up only in one sample of individuals or only in one laboratory, the research would be said to have low

Accepted Answer

A)  external validity. 
B)  statistical conclusion validity. 
C)  internal validity. 
D)  construct validity.

Question 9

Researcher Franklin tests the limiting conditions of a previous finding by adding a new control condition to the design. Franklin's experiment is a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  conceptual replication. 
B)  constructive replication. 
C)  participant replication. 
D)  exact replication.

Question 10

A disadvantage of using convenience samples, such as college students, is that

Accepted Answer

A)  college students are less likely to guess the experimental hypotheses. 
B)  the likelihood of a Type 2 error is increased. 
C)  the findings might not be generalizable to other samples. 
D)  universities require payment for using college students in experiments.

Question 11

In comparison to laboratory studies, field experiments are likely to have

Accepted Answer

A)  higher internal and external validity. 
B)  higher internal and lower external validity. 
C)  lower internal and higher external validity. 
D)  lower internal and external validity.

Question 12

Which of the following serve to make meta-analysis objective?

Accepted Answer

A)  Inclusion criteria and fewer Type I errors 
B)  Fewer Type 1 errors and analysis of the effect size statistic 
C)  Inclusion criteria and analysis of the effect size statistic 
D)  Fewer Type 1 errors and analysis of the effect size statistic.

Question 13

The degree to which relationships among conceptual variables can be demonstrated in a wide variety of people and using a wide variety of manipulated or measured variables is known as which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  Conceptual replication 
B)  External validity 
C)  Ecological validity 
D)  Meta analysis

Question 14

A participant replication should be conducted

Accepted Answer

A)  after any other study is conducted. 
B)  only after several studies have been conducted. 
C)  to be certain that the results generalize to all human beings. 
D)  when there is a specific reason to believe that a result will not generalize.

Question 15

An experiment that is conducted in situations that are similar to everyday life experiences is said to have which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  External validity 
B)  Ecological validity 
C)  Experimental realism 
D)  Experimental impact

Question 16

A collection of experiments in which a topic of interest is systematically studied through conceptual and constructive replications over time is known as a

Accepted Answer