Question 1

The concept of culture areas

Accepted Answer

A)  has roots in the late nineteenth century. 
B)  is ushered in with New Archaeology in the 1960s. 
C)  was first outlined in Phillips' influential book, Method and Theory in American Archaeology (1958). 
D)  is based on the understanding of Cottonwood Triangular points.

Question 2

In discussing temporal types, the text mentioned Cottonwood Triangular projectile points, which are essentially un- notched Desert Side-notched points. Why were Cottonwood Triangular points left un-notched?

Accepted Answer

A)  They were "war arrows," left un-notched so that they would remain in a body even after the shaft was pulled out. 
B)  They were unfinished, intended to be later notched. 
C)  They were made by novices or children who were not adept at notching points. 
D)  None or any of the above; we do not know for certain why they were left un-notched.

Question 3

A functional type is a morphological type that has specific chronological meaning for a particular region.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

Which of the following is known to be true of Shoshone pottery?

Accepted Answer

A)  It appears suddenly in many parts of the Desert West at about AD 1300 and similar pottery is manufactured until about AD 1860. 
B)  The pottery was introduced by a migrating Shoshone population that replaced existing desert populations. 
C)  The shift to pottery manufacture by Shoshone people was a direct result of changing environmental conditions that made ceramic vessels more efficient. 
D)  All of the answers are correct.

Question 5

In a typology abstract, descriptive properties are called

Accepted Answer

A)  morphological types. 
B)  temporal types. 
C)  functional types. 
D)  artifact types.

Question 6

If you were developing a lithic typology based on attributes such as shape (e.g., corner-notched versus side- notched projectile points), you would be using morphological types.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

An archaeological culture is the same thing as an ethnographic culture.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

If you were developing a stone tool typology based on attributes such as the object's use (i.e. scraper vs. projectile point), you would be using functional types.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Conservation and cataloging of artifacts after excavation is very time consuming; as a rule of thumb, archaeologists spend 3 to 5 weeks or more cleaning, conserving, and cataloging for every week spent excavating.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Total length, axial length, maximum width, basal width, maximum thickness, midsection thickness, proximal shoulder angle, notch opening, and neck width are examples of projectile point:

Accepted Answer

A)  phases. 
B)  components. 
C)  attributes. 
D)  types.

Question 11

Which of the following Great Basin projectile point series are arranged in the correct chronological order from youngest to oldest?

Accepted Answer

A)  Desert Side-notched, Rosegate series, Elko Corner-notched, Gatecliff Contracting Stem. 
B)  Rosegate series, Elko Corner-notched, Gatecliff Contracting Stem, Cottonwood Triangular. 
C)  Gatecliff Contracting Stem, Elko Corner-notched, Desert Side-notched, Rosegate series. 
D)  Cottonwood Triangular, Elko Corner-notched, Rosegate series, Desert Side-notched.

Question 12

If you are excavating a culturally homogeneous stratum or set of strata within a single site, you are excavating a(n):

Accepted Answer

A)  component. 
B)  assemblage. 
C)  temporal type. 
D)  period.

Question 13

Archaeologists divide prehistory into periods based on:

Accepted Answer

A)  the appearance of a new cultural group in the area of interest. 
B)  the appearance of trade goods and exotic raw material types that indicate interaction between groups. 
C)  changes in a culture's ideology, as reflected in ceremonial items. 
D)  changes in observable material culture, such as house form, pottery, or subsistence.

Question 14

If the frequencies of morphological types change significantly through time, and can be demonstrated to be restricted in time, the morphological types can be also be useful as:

Accepted Answer

A)  evidence of migration and subsequent population replacement. 
B)  evidence of a shift in ancient peoples' "mental templates." 
C)  temporal types. 
D)  functional types.

Question 15

The typology of the French archaeologist François Bordes classified Mousterian tools into 63 types which occurred in set frequencies, creating four fundamental patterns. Bordes argued that these four patterns reflected four different cultural groups of Neanderthals. Bordes' typology:

Accepted Answer

A)  assumed that the stone tools were in their final intended form, rather than in forms that resulted from resharpening. 
B)  was completely wrong, illustrating how poorly constructed typologies can lead a researcher astray. 
C)  has stood the test of time; different "tribes" of Neanderthals are still thought to have been responsible for the different patterns of Mousterian artifacts. 
D)  categorized morphological variation improperly; proper categorization would have resulted in a correct interpretation of the assemblages.

Question 16

Which of the following do we know to be true about Desert Side-notched points and Cottonwood Triangular points?

Accepted Answer

A)  They both post-date AD 1300. 
B)  Desert Side-notched points were designed for hunting bighorn sheep, while Cottonwood Triangular points were designed for hunting rabbits. 
C)  Cottonwood Triangular points were unfinished, intended to be later notched, while Desert Side-notched points were already finished. 
D)  Each represents a different cultural group living side by side at Gatecliff.

Question 17

Archaeology differs from ethnology in that archaeology

Accepted Answer

A)  studies cultural evolution and culture change over a century or two. 
B)  can address the entire history of humanity. 
C)  deals with the space of continents or hemispheres. 
D)  can address the entire history of humanity and deals with the space of continents or hemispheres.

Question 18

If you are defining measurable or observable qualities or characteristics of an artifact that distinguish it from another on the basis of its size, surface texture, form, material, method of manufacture, or design pattern, you are defining:

Accepted Answer

A)  the Frison Effect. 
B)  projectile point types. 
C)  components. 
D)  attributes.

Question 19

Which of the following measurements could provide useful information about an artifact's size?

Accepted Answer

A)  Length 
B)  Width 
C)  Weight 
D)  All of the answers are correct.

Question 20

Mousterian artifacts are frequently associated with the remains of Homo erectus.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 7: The Dimensions Of Archaeology Time Space And Form

The concept of culture areas

In discussing temporal types, the text mentioned Cottonwood Triangular projectile points, which are essentially un- notched Desert Side-notched points. Why were Cottonwood Triangular points left un-notched?

A functional type is a morphological type that has specific chronological meaning for a particular region.

Which of the following is known to be true of Shoshone pottery?

In a typology abstract, descriptive properties are called

If you were developing a lithic typology based on attributes such as shape (e.g., corner-notched versus side- notched projectile points), you would be using morphological types.

An archaeological culture is the same thing as an ethnographic culture.

If you were developing a stone tool typology based on attributes such as the object's use (i.e. scraper vs. projectile point), you would be using functional types.

Conservation and cataloging of artifacts after excavation is very time consuming; as a rule of thumb, archaeologists spend 3 to 5 weeks or more cleaning, conserving, and cataloging for every week spent excavating.

Total length, axial length, maximum width, basal width, maximum thickness, midsection thickness, proximal shoulder angle, notch opening, and neck width are examples of projectile point:

Which of the following Great Basin projectile point series are arranged in the correct chronological order from youngest to oldest?

If you are excavating a culturally homogeneous stratum or set of strata within a single site, you are excavating a(n) :

Archaeologists divide prehistory into periods based on:

If the frequencies of morphological types change significantly through time, and can be demonstrated to be restricted in time, the morphological types can be also be useful as:

The typology of the French archaeologist François Bordes classified Mousterian tools into 63 types which occurred in set frequencies, creating four fundamental patterns. Bordes argued that these four patterns reflected four different cultural groups of Neanderthals. Bordes' typology:

Which of the following do we know to be true about Desert Side-notched points and Cottonwood Triangular points?

Archaeology differs from ethnology in that archaeology

If you are defining measurable or observable qualities or characteristics of an artifact that distinguish it from another on the basis of its size, surface texture, form, material, method of manufacture, or design pattern, you are defining:

Which of the following measurements could provide useful information about an artifact's size?

Mousterian artifacts are frequently associated with the remains of Homo erectus.