Question 1

This technique shows very high levels of recall when asked to relate words meaningfully to themselves by determining whether the words describe themselves.

Accepted Answer

A)  physical processing 
B)  acoustic processing 
C)  chunking 
D)  self-reference effect

Question 2

An alternative name for the connectionist model of memory is which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  working memory model 
B)  levels-of-processing model 
C)  parallel distributed processing model 
D)  standard memory model

Question 3

Chrissie loves to play with sparklers. She enjoys writing her name and creating designs with them in the air. The trail of light Chrissie sees is really only a byproduct of which memory system?

Accepted Answer

A)  chunks 
B)  long-term memory 
C)  short-term memory 
D)  sensory memory

Question 4

This theory asserts that we forget because competing information renders inaccessible (and possibly unavailable) the information we want to remember.

Accepted Answer

A)  categorical clustering 
B)  interference 
C)  encoding specificity 
D)  decay

Question 5

Very Large, possibly unlimited capacity; it is capable of storing information for very long periods of time, possibly indefinitely.

Accepted Answer

A)  chunks 
B)  long-term memory 
C)  short-term memory 
D)  sensory memory

Question 6

Associate each word to be learned with a word on a list that has previously been memorized.

Accepted Answer

A)  categorical clustering 
B)  keywords 
C)  interactive images 
D)  pegwords

Question 7

Jonathan looks up a phone number in the phone book. In order to remember it while he dials it, he repeats the number over and over to himself. Jonathan must continuously repeat the number because he is using which memory system?

Accepted Answer

A)  short-term memory 
B)  long-term memory 
C)  episodic memory 
D)  sensory memory

Question 8

Encoding refers to how you gain access to information stored in memory.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Schemas are stereotypical story outlines for how events typically proceed.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Mr. Thomas uses a constructivist approach in his classroom. He builds partnerships between novice students and experts, such as more experienced students. He is using which of the following techniques?

Accepted Answer

A)  cognitive apprenticeships 
B)  situated learning 
C)  enculturation 
D)  categorical clustering

Question 11

Capable of holding relatively limited amounts of information for a matter of seconds.

Accepted Answer

A)  chunks 
B)  long-term memory 
C)  short-term memory 
D)  sensory memory

Question 12

Which of the following models of memory focuses on the ways declarative and procedural knowledge are combined via a series of connections among elements?

Accepted Answer

A)  standard memory model 
B)  working-memory model 
C)  levels-of-processing model 
D)  connectionist model

Question 13

Transforming a sensory input into some kind of representation that you can place into memory.

Accepted Answer

A)  storage 
B)  encoding 
C)  retrieval 
D)  chunking

Question 14

Knowing that George Washington was the first president of the United States is part of which memory system?

Accepted Answer

A)  episodic 
B)  procedural 
C)  short-term 
D)  semantic

Question 15

Samantha learns French one semester, and then takes a Spanish class the next semester. While in Spanish class, Samantha has difficulty learning the new vocabulary as she keeps remembering the French words she has learned. This is an example of which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  proactive interference 
B)  retroactive interference 
C)  decay 
D)  categorical clustering

Question 16

How much you learn typically depends on how much time you spend studying. This important principle of learning is known as which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  maintenance 
B)  elaborative rehearsal 
C)  temporal contiguity 
D)  total-time hypothesis

Question 17

These forms of storage tell us "If this, do that."

Accepted Answer

A)  propositions 
B)  productions 
C)  dual-traces 
D)  procedural rehearsal

Question 18

Knowledge and control of your memory.

Accepted Answer

A)  propositions 
B)  productions 
C)  dual-traces 
D)  metamemory

Question 19

At the beginning of each chapter, the title and outline of each chapter-as well as the lists of objectives--are designed to help you remember the information in the chapter and to make this information easier for you to learn. Which of the following is the correct term for this type of memory aid?

Accepted Answer

A)  encoding specificity 
B)  availability 
C)  advance organizer 
D)  retrieval

Question 20

Declarative memories that preserve many of the aspects of the original stimulus, whether object or event are known as which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  symbolic representations 
B)  propositions 
C)  analogical representations 
D)  dual-traces

Exam 8: Cognitive Approaches to Learning

This technique shows very high levels of recall when asked to relate words meaningfully to themselves by determining whether the words describe themselves.

An alternative name for the connectionist model of memory is which of the following?

Chrissie loves to play with sparklers. She enjoys writing her name and creating designs with them in the air. The trail of light Chrissie sees is really only a byproduct of which memory system?

This theory asserts that we forget because competing information renders inaccessible (and possibly unavailable) the information we want to remember.

Very Large, possibly unlimited capacity; it is capable of storing information for very long periods of time, possibly indefinitely.

Associate each word to be learned with a word on a list that has previously been memorized.

Jonathan looks up a phone number in the phone book. In order to remember it while he dials it, he repeats the number over and over to himself. Jonathan must continuously repeat the number because he is using which memory system?

Encoding refers to how you gain access to information stored in memory.

Schemas are stereotypical story outlines for how events typically proceed.

Mr. Thomas uses a constructivist approach in his classroom. He builds partnerships between novice students and experts, such as more experienced students. He is using which of the following techniques?

Capable of holding relatively limited amounts of information for a matter of seconds.

Which of the following models of memory focuses on the ways declarative and procedural knowledge are combined via a series of connections among elements?

Transforming a sensory input into some kind of representation that you can place into memory.

Knowing that George Washington was the first president of the United States is part of which memory system?

Samantha learns French one semester, and then takes a Spanish class the next semester. While in Spanish class, Samantha has difficulty learning the new vocabulary as she keeps remembering the French words she has learned. This is an example of which of the following?

How much you learn typically depends on how much time you spend studying. This important principle of learning is known as which of the following?

These forms of storage tell us "If this, do that."

Knowledge and control of your memory.

At the beginning of each chapter, the title and outline of each chapter-as well as the lists of objectives--are designed to help you remember the information in the chapter and to make this information easier for you to learn. Which of the following is the correct term for this type of memory aid?

Declarative memories that preserve many of the aspects of the original stimulus, whether object or event are known as which of the following?