Question 1

When faced with a problem, Janet decides how much time the problem is worth and then works within that time frame. Janet is using which step in the problem-solving cycle?

Accepted Answer

A)  Create or select a strategy for problem solving. 
B)  Allocate resources for problem solving. 
C)  Monitor problem solving. 
D)  Evaluate the solution to a problem.

Question 2

Ms. Smoate tells her students that mammals are animals that are warm-blooded and nurse their young. She next points out that a cat is warm-blooded and nurses its young. Therefore a cat is a mammal. Ms. Smoate is teaching which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  inductive reasoning 
B)  deductive reasoning 
C)  automaticity 
D)  transfer

Question 3

A thought pattern in which people believe they are less likely to be correct than they actually are.

Accepted Answer

A)  underconfidence 
B)  representative heuristic 
C)  availability heuristic 
D)  mental set

Question 4

Fernando knows the final deadline for a complicated project, and he writes reminders in his calendar about when to start each step so as to be done in time. Fernando is using which type of heuristic?

Accepted Answer

A)  working backward 
B)  working forward 
C)  means-ends analysis 
D)  generate and test

Question 5

This process of insightful thinking is used to put together information that is sometimes related in nonobvious ways.

Accepted Answer

A)  selective comparison 
B)  selective combination 
C)  selective discrimination 
D)  selective encoding

Question 6

Highly typical instances of a given concept are referred to as which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  an algorithm 
B)  a prototype 
C)  an exemplar 
D)  a heuristic

Question 7

Nancy is listening to a lecture and needs to recognize the important information that is worth noting. Which process of insightful thinking is she using?

Accepted Answer

A)  selective comparison 
B)  selective discrimination 
C)  selective combination 
D)  selective encoding

Question 8

Ms. Wyatt presents the following syllogism to her class: Premise A: all penguins are birds Premise B: all birds are animals Therefore: ? Which kind of syllogism is Ms. Wyatt presenting?

Accepted Answer

A)  linear 
B)  categorical 
C)  discriminatory 
D)  conditional

Question 9

The most representative example of a given concept is referred to as which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  an algorithm 
B)  a prototype 
C)  a heuristic 
D)  an exemplar

Question 10

Knowledge that can be used or applied is often called inert knowledge.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

When Tom reads a novel for pleasure he pursues a different strategy in reading from the one he uses when he is reading a textbook to prepare for a multiple-choice test. Tom is using which step in the problem-solving cycle?

Accepted Answer

A)  Represent and organize information about a problem. 
B)  Define the problem. 
C)  Create or select a strategy for problem solving. 
D)  Identify the existence of a problem.

Question 12

Sally doesn't recognize that she doesn't understand the material being taught, and she just keeps taking mindless notes. Which step in the problem-solving cycle is she missing?

Accepted Answer

A)  Identify the existence of a problem. 
B)  Define the problem. 
C)  Represent and organize information about a problem. 
D)  Create or select a strategy for problem solving.

Question 13

The process of drawing specific, logically valid conclusions from one or more general premises.

Accepted Answer

A)  inductive reasoning 
B)  problem solving 
C)  transfer 
D)  deductive reasoning

Question 14

Concepts are easily understood in terms of defining features, that is, features ______________for defining a concept.

Accepted Answer

A)  necessary 
B)  sufficient 
C)  primary 
D)  necessary and sufficient

Question 15

Larry believes that if a coin is tossed six times, a sequence of HTHHTH (with H representing heads and T standing for tails) is more likely than a sequence of HHHHHH. Larry is using which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  availability heuristic 
B)  representative heuristic 
C)  overconfidence 
D)  mental set

Question 16

This process of insightful thinking is used to distinguish relevant from irrelevant information.

Accepted Answer

A)  selective encoding 
B)  selective discrimination 
C)  selective combination 
D)  selective comparison

Question 17

Students need to check their work on a test, proofread a paper, or even ask themselves whether their answer to a problem makes sense in order to complete this step of the problem-solving cycle.

Accepted Answer

A)  Create or select a strategy for problem solving. 
B)  Evaluate the solution to a problem. 
C)  Allocate resources for problem solving. 
D)  Monitor problem solving.

Question 18

The problem solver simply generates alternative courses of action, not necessarily in a systematic way, and then considers whether each course of action works.

Accepted Answer