Question 1

The difference between an interrupted time series design and an equivalent time series design is that the interrupted time series design includes a _______________ event, while a non-interrupted time series design includes a ________________ treatment.

Accepted Answer

A)  psychological/non-psychological 
B)  non-psychological/psychological 
C)  "naturally"-occurring/researcher-implemented 
D)  researcher-implemented/"naturally"-occurring

Question 2

Which of the following would help control for bias in a pretest-posttest design?

Accepted Answer

A)  Increasing the amount of time between the pretest and posttest 
B)  Including a control group that does not receive the treatment 
C)  Using fewer subjects 
D)  Using the posttest scores as the dependent variable

Question 3

When participants are randomly assigned to levels of the independent variable in an experiment to control for individual differences as an extraneous variable this is called:

Accepted Answer

A)  extraneous assignment 
B)  level assignment 
C)  random transfer 
D)  random assignment

Question 4

Pretest-posttest designs are quasi-experiments when they do not contain a

Accepted Answer

A)  confounding variable. 
B)  dependent variable. 
C)  randomly assigned control group. 
D)  all of the above.

Question 5

A study was done in Pueblo, CO to compare the pattern of heart attack rates across the year before and the year after a public smoking ban had been enacted. The researchers who conducted this study used an) __________ design.

Accepted Answer

A)  equivalent time-series 
B)  interrupted time-series 
C)  one-group posttest-only 
D)  nonequivalent control group

Question 6

The best way to minimize the effects of maturation is to include a ________ group that does not receive the treatment to allow a comparison of groups that have similar experiences except for the treatment.

Accepted Answer

A)  control 
B)  placebo 
C)  experimental 
D)  investigational

Question 7

Random assignment of participants is much less likely in time series designs with a researcher-implemented treatment than an independent event examined in an interrupted time series design.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

The Solomon four-group design allows a researcher to measure

Accepted Answer

A)  all confounding variables that may be present. 
B)  the effect of taking the pretest on the scores on the posttest. 
C)  group differences between the control and experimental groups. 
D)  the causal effect of the treatment.

Question 9

Which of the following sources of bias may be problematic in pretest-posttest designs?

Accepted Answer

A)  history effects 
B)  testing effects 
C)  group differences 
D)  all of the above

Question 10

Time-series designs are pretest-posttest designs that

Accepted Answer

A)  include a randomly assigned control group. 
B)  compare a pattern of scores over time before and after the treatment. 
C)  include groups that do not take the pretest. 
D)  include groups that do not take the posttest.

Question 11

Attrition results in data being deleted from a study ( or a portion of a study).

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

These occur when participants are tested more than once in a study with early testing affecting later testing.

Accepted Answer

A)  history effects 
B)  testing effects 
C)  group differences 
D)  maturation effects

Question 13

A time series design where the "treatment" is an independent event, such as a historical event is called an):

Accepted Answer