The P-Value for a One-Sided Left-Tail Test A $\operatorname { Pr } \left( Z > t ^ { a c t } \right) = \phi \left( t ^ { a c t } \right)$

Short Answer

The p-value for a one-sided left-tail test a. is given by $\operatorname { Pr } \left( Z > t ^ { a c t } \right) = \phi \left( t ^ { a c t } \right)$ .
b. is given by $\operatorname { Pr } \left( Z < t ^ { a c t } \right) = \phi \left( t ^ { a c t } \right)$ .
c. is given by $\operatorname { Pr } \left( Z < t ^ { a c t } \right) < 1.645$ .
d. cannot be calculated, since probabilities must always be positive.