Question 1

The _____ is all of the genetic material of a cell.

Accepted Answer

A)  proteome 
B)  plasmid 
C)  genome 
D)  chromosome 
E)  prophage

Question 2

Which of the following is incorrect about transfer RNA?

Accepted Answer

A)  It has a bottom hairpin loop with an anticodon. 
B)  It has an anticodon that is complementary to a codon. 
C)  It contains a binding site for an amino acid. 
D)  The initiator tRNA that binds to the P site has the anticodon UAC. 
E)  The initiator tRNA in bacteria carries tryptophan.

Question 3

If a codon for alanine is GCA, then the anticodon is ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  GCA 
B)  CGT 
C)  ACG 
D)  CGU 
E)  UGC

Question 4

DNA polymerase III ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  is needed for adding nucleotides during mRNA synthesis 
B)  synthesizes new DNA only in the 5' to 3' direction 
C)  cannot add nucleotides to the lagging strand 
D)  synthesizes an RNA primer

Question 5

In order for protein synthesis to begin, which of the following statements reﬂects the correct sequence of events?

Accepted Answer

A)  The 3' end of the mRNA binds to the small ribosomal subunit and the AUG anticodon on the tRNA base pairs with the UAC codon on the mRNA, allowing the large ribosomal
Subunit to attach. 
B)  The AUG codon on mRNA base pairs with the UAC anticodon on tRNA allowing the small and large ribosomal subunits to join the complex. 
C)  Translation begins when the ribosome translocates from the A site to the P site on the mRNA 
D)  The 5' end of the mRNA binds to the small ribosomal subunit, and the large subunit joins, creating the P and A sites where reactions between codons on the mRNA and anticodons

Question 6

The transfer of DNA fragments from a dead cell to a live, competent recipient cell that results in a changed recipient cell is termed ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  transduction 
B)  conjugation 
C)  transformation 
D)  transmission 
E)  mitosis

Question 7

DNA polymerase can catalyze a dehydration synthesis reaction only at the 3' carbon of the daughter strand of DNA. This means that _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  the antiparallel nature of the parent molecules determine that the leading strand must be grown in fragments away from the fork and the lagging strand is synthesized continuously
Toward the fork 
B)  Okazaki fragments extend toward the replication fork as the parent strands are unzipped by helicase 
C)  since the strands are antiparallel, one strand will grow toward the fork as it opens, and the other strand will grow in fragments away from the fork 
D)  the leading and lagging strands extend in the 3' - 5' direction toward the replication fork as the nucleotide bases are exposed

Question 8

A bacterial cell has replicated its plasmid, and when this cell divides into 2 daughter cells, each cell receives one copy of the plasmid. This is an example of horizontal gene transfer.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Recombinant organisms are those that have received new DNA in the form of a conjugated plasmid; genetically engineered cells are not considered recombinant.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

A nucleosome is a linear chromosome wound around the _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  nuclear membrane 
B)  rRNA 
C)  mRNA 
D)  histone 
E)  nucleolus

Question 11

If the wild type DNA sequence reads THE CAT ATE THE BIG RAT, what type of mutation would change the sequence to THE CAT ATE THE BAG RAT?

Accepted Answer

A)  Point 
B)  Nonsense 
C)  Insertion 
D)  Deletion 
E)  Silent

Question 12

The site where the old DNA strands separate and new DNA strands will be synthesized is called the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  primer 
B)  Okazaki fragment 
C)  template 
D)  rolling circle 
E)  replication fork

Question 13

Each nucleotide is composed of _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  one phosphate, one nitrogenous base, and one sugar 
B)  one phosphate, one nitrogenous base, and two sugars 
C)  two phosphates, one nitrogenous base, and one sugar 
D)  two phosphates, one nitrogenous base, and two sugars 
E)  one phosphate, two nitrogenous bases, and one sugar

Question 14

Eukaryotic chromosomes differ from bacterial chromosomes because only eukaryotes have _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  histone proteins 
B)  chromosomes in a nucleus 
C)  several to many chromosomes 
D)  elongated, not circular, chromosomes 
E)  All of the choices are correct.

Question 15

Introns have no detectable functions.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

The operon segment composed of the gene that codes for a protein repressor is called the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  operator 
B)  structural locus 
C)  regulator 
D)  promoter

Question 17

The process in which mutations are removed and the correct bases added is called ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  transduction 
B)  excision repair 
C)  frameshift 
D)  back-mutation 
E)  transformation

Question 18

The ﬁelds of genomics and proteomics differ in that _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  the ﬁeld of genomics involves the study of DNA replication and the ﬁeld of proteomics refers to the study of transcription and translation 
B)  genomics is the study of an organism's chromosomes and proteomics is the study of transcription and translation of proteins 
C)  genomics refers to the study of an organism's entire genome, whereas proteomics is the study of expressed proteins 
D)  genomics is the study of an organism's chromosomes and the resulting proteins are studied in the ﬁeld of proteomics

Question 19

Which of the following is not true of an organism's genotype?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is inherited. 
B)  It contains structural genes that code for proteins. 
C)  It has expressed traits governed by the genes. 
D)  It has regulatory genes that control gene expression. 
E)  It contains genes that code for RNA.

Question 20

Which of the following additions have been made to principles of the central dogma of biology?

Accepted Answer

A)  DNA information cannot be converted into RNA information. 
B)  Protein information can be converted into DNA information. 
C)  RNA can be used to regulate gene function. 
D)  DNA codes for proteins.

Exam 9: Microbial Genetics

The _____ is all of the genetic material of a cell.

Which of the following is incorrect about transfer RNA?

If a codon for alanine is GCA, then the anticodon is ______.

DNA polymerase III ______.

In order for protein synthesis to begin, which of the following statements reﬂects the correct sequence of events?

The transfer of DNA fragments from a dead cell to a live, competent recipient cell that results in a changed recipient cell is termed ________.

DNA polymerase can catalyze a dehydration synthesis reaction only at the 3' carbon of the daughter strand of DNA. This means that _______.

A bacterial cell has replicated its plasmid, and when this cell divides into 2 daughter cells, each cell receives one copy of the plasmid. This is an example of horizontal gene transfer.

Recombinant organisms are those that have received new DNA in the form of a conjugated plasmid; genetically engineered cells are not considered recombinant.

A nucleosome is a linear chromosome wound around the _______.

If the wild type DNA sequence reads THE CAT ATE THE BIG RAT, what type of mutation would change the sequence to THE CAT ATE THE BAG RAT?

The site where the old DNA strands separate and new DNA strands will be synthesized is called the ________.

Each nucleotide is composed of _______.

Eukaryotic chromosomes differ from bacterial chromosomes because only eukaryotes have _______.

Introns have no detectable functions.

The operon segment composed of the gene that codes for a protein repressor is called the ________.

The process in which mutations are removed and the correct bases added is called ________.

The ﬁelds of genomics and proteomics differ in that _______.

Which of the following is not true of an organism's genotype?

Which of the following additions have been made to principles of the central dogma of biology?