Question 1

Which of the following characteristics is common in affluent families?

Accepted Answer

A) academic pressure 
B) diminished family time 
C) unsupervised time at home 
D) All of the answers are correct. 
E) None of the answers is correct.

Question 2

Even though his parents have explained to him that it is dishonest and therefore wrong to tell lies, Zachary once again lies to his sister about where her favorite blanket is. Shortly after doing so, he feels intensely sorry for what he has done. According to Erikson's theory, Zachary appears as if he has successfully resolved which crisis?

Accepted Answer

A) autonomy vs. shame and doubt 
B) industry vs. inferiority 
C) initiative vs. guilt 
D) basic trust vs. mistrust

Question 3

Imprinting is of particular concern to:

Accepted Answer

A) bioecological theorists. 
B) psychoanalytic theorists. 
C) ethological theorists. 
D) social learning theorists.

Question 4

Reza tends to base his self-worth on the approval he receives or doesn't receive from other people. When given a choice, heis likely to choose situations in which he _____. He is considered to have an______orientation.

Accepted Answer

A) can be assured of success; entity/helpless 
B) can be assured of success; incremental/mastery 
C) can enjoy the challenge of a difficult problem; entity/helpless 
D) can enjoy the challenge of a difficult problem; incremental/mastery

Question 5

The bioecological model views development as due to:

Accepted Answer

A) nature. 
B) nurture. 
C) the interaction between nature and nurture. 
D) nature when a person is young and nurture as the person gets older.

Question 6

Dodge's approach to social cognition centers on the use of____- as a problem-solving strategy.

Accepted Answer

A) negotiation 
B) role-taking 
C) aggression 
D) the "generalized other"

Question 7

Which of the following conditions is a NOT a contributor to the development of ADHD?

Accepted Answer

A) reduced electrical activity and blood flow to the frontal lobe 
B) consumption of sugar 
C) prenatal exposure to alcohol 
D) decreased parental warmth

Question 8

Describe the basic principles of Albert Bandura's "social learning theory." How does his view differ from that of traditional learning theorists? How is it the same?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the basic principles of Albert Bandura's...

Question 9

According to Erikson, what happens to a person who does NOT successfully resolve the conflict of a particular stage?

Accepted Answer

A) The person becomes fixated on the issues relevant to that stage. 
B) The person makes hostile attributions. 
C) The person develops infantile amnesia. 
D) The person continues to struggle with the issue.

Question 10

Role taking refers to:

Accepted Answer

A) adopting the perspective of another person. 
B) forming a solid identity. 
C) becoming intimate with another person. 
D) deciding on a career path.

Question 11

Many evolutionary psychologists believe that _____is(are) an evolved platform for learning.

Accepted Answer

A) computers 
B) books 
C) school 
D) play

Question 12

According to Freud, the phallic stage encompasses approximately what age(s)?

Accepted Answer

A) birth through the end of the first year 
B) ages 2 to 3 
C) ages 3 to 6 
D) ages 6 to 12 
E) beginning of sexual maturation through adulthood

Question 13

John Watson was the founder of:

Accepted Answer

A) psychoanalysis. 
B) behaviorism. 
C) information-processing approaches. 
D) imprinting.

Question 14

Which of the following statements about children with ADHD is true?

Accepted Answer

A) Children with ADHD tend to be of below-average intelligence. 
B) Children with ADHD typically show severe emotional disturbances. 
C) Children with ADHD have difficulty inhibiting impulses to act. 
D) Children with ADHD are more likely to be female.

Question 15

John Watson advised parents to treat their children with:

Accepted Answer

A) isolation. 
B) hostile attributions. 
C) affection. 
D) objectivity. 
E) basic trust.

Question 16

Repeated exposure to a feared object or experience in order to reduce fear is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

A) systematic desensitization. 
B) operant conditioning. 
C) behavior modification. 
D) role taking.

Question 17

Which of the following statements about intermittent reinforcement is true?

Accepted Answer

A) Intermittent reinforcement is effective only with adults. 
B) Behaviors supported by intermittent reinforcement are difficult to extinguish. 
C) Intermittent reinforcement is the key to behavior modification. 
D) The discipline strategy of "time out" is based on intermittent reinforcement.

Question 18

According to Freud,____ leads children to the emergence of the superego?

Accepted Answer

A) coping with the intense sexual desires of the genital stage 
B) coping with the intense sexual desires of the phallic stage 
C) need to suppress immediate gratification in the anal stage 
D) need to suppress immediate gratification in the phallic stage

Question 19

Each of Erikson's stages is characterized by:

Accepted Answer

A) the intervention of a caregiver or mentor. 
B) a crisis that the individual must resolve. 
C) individual goal-setting. 
D) mastery of social skills, however rudimentary.

Question 20

With which of the following activities do children spend the most time?

Accepted Answer

A) reading 
B) nonspecific play with friends 
C) athletics 
D) media interaction

Exam 9: Theories of Social Development