Question 1

We are consciously aware of which of the following for a dozen or so seconds?

Accepted Answer

A)  sensory memory 
B)  iconic memory 
C)  echoic memory 
D)  short-term memory

Question 2

Someone leaves a phone number on your answering machine.You repeat the number to yourself as you start to dial.Then, your mother asks you a question.You answer her and then turn back to the phone to complete your dialing only to realize that you do not remember the last three digits.This illustrates how short-term memory is affected by

Accepted Answer

A)  dishabituation. 
B)  priming. 
C)  chunking. 
D)  displacement.

Question 3

If Erica uses elaborative processing to study the concept of reinforcement,

Accepted Answer

A)  she had to understand this concept in order to encode it this way. 
B)  her memory network for this concept will be sparse and weak. 
C)  she will become confused by all the additional information she encoded. 
D)  she will not be able to retrieve the definition of reinforcement.

Question 4

Eric Kandel found that learning altered the amount of

Accepted Answer

A)  engrams created with the snail's nerve cells. 
B)  blood flow to different subcortex areas. 
C)  decay that took place within the snail's nerve cells. 
D)  transmitter chemicals released by the snail's nerve cells.

Question 5

Psychologists have concluded that long-term memories fall into which two categories?

Accepted Answer

A)  episodic memory and mnemonic memory. 
B)  procedural memory and declarative memory. 
C)  semantic memory and fact memory. 
D)  skill memory and redintegration memory.

Question 6

The saying "seven plus or minus two" refers to the space capacity of __________ memory.

Accepted Answer

A)  short-term 
B)  long-term 
C)  sensory 
D)  iconic

Question 7

Which of the following parts of the brain acts as a sort of "switching station" between short-term and long-term memory and aids in the formation of new memories?

Accepted Answer

A)  hypothalamus 
B)  corpus callosum 
C)  pons 
D)  hippocampus

Question 8

After appearing live on Australian television, memory expert Donald Thomson was accused of rape.It turns out that the victim was watching him on TV when the actual rapist broke into her apartment.This tragic case of mistaken identity was due to

Accepted Answer

A)  source confusion. 
B)  encoding failure. 
C)  retroactive suppression. 
D)  "memory jamming."

Question 9

Units of information in long-term memory are organized in a complex system of linked meanings, according to which model of memory?

Accepted Answer

A)  modular retrieval model 
B)  network model 
C)  congruence model 
D)  serial position model

Question 10

In Penfield's research, memories elicited by the electrical stimulation of the brain suggested that

Accepted Answer

A)  some brain areas when activated seemed to produce vivid memories of long-forgotten events. 
B)  only recent memories could be electrically triggered. 
C)  memories could be implanted and manipulated using this electrical stimulation. 
D)  long-term memory disruption was caused by this procedure.

Question 11

When we fill in the gaps in memory with logic, guessing, or new information, we are using

Accepted Answer

A)  chunking or recoding. 
B)  elaborative processing. 
C)  eidetic imaging. 
D)  consolidation.

Question 12

The four basic principles of mnemonics are (1)make things meaningful, (2)make information familiar, (3)form bizarre, unusual, or exaggerated mental associations, and (4)use __________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The four basic principles of mnemonics are...

Question 13

Cindy is a college freshman, taking psychology.She made a D on the first test covering two Chapter s, and she is trying to figure out what went wrong.She highlights in her book as the teacher lectures, and she got up at 5:00 a.m., studied four hours for the test before she skipped breakfast and went to her first class, which was history, and then took her psychology test.Explain four ways that her study methods are INEFFECTIVE, and provide Cindy with four study tips for improving her encoding and two tips for improving her retrieval of study information.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Cindy is a college freshman, taking psychology.She...

Question 14

The difficulty experienced when changing from a car with a manual transmission to one with an automatic transmission is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  discovery learning. 
B)  negative practice. 
C)  post reminiscence. 
D)  negative transfer.

Question 15

When learning information that is in some type of order, such as Erikson's psychosocial stages, one needs to be aware of

Accepted Answer

A)  encoding specificity principle. 
B)  the serial position effect. 
C)  rapid onset interference. 
D)  spaced practice.

Question 16

Which of the following would be the best strategy to use when memorizing information that lacks inherent meaning, such as a shopping list?

Accepted Answer

A)  eidetic imagery 
B)  priming 
C)  mnemonics 
D)  redintegration

Question 17

In which of the following do skills developed in one situation conflict with those required to master a new task?

Accepted Answer

A)  negative transfer 
B)  negative reinforcement 
C)  modeling 
D)  avoidance conditioning

Question 18

Which type of mnemonic was shown in one experiment to help people remember lists of 15 to 22 errands?

Accepted Answer

A)  acrostics 
B)  the keyword method 
C)  forming a story or chain 
D)  taking a mental walk

Question 19

Nia was brutally raped a few years ago.According to Freud, her inability to remember the event is most likely due to

Accepted Answer

A)  repression. 
B)  retroactive interference. 
C)  proactive interference. 
D)  selective attention.

Question 20

Regarding false memories, which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Forming and using long-term memories is an active, creative, highly personal process with our memories being shaped by emotions, judgments, and quirks of personality. 
B)  False memories due to source confusion occur because new information "overwrites" existing memories. 
C)  Because people cannot remember the source of a memory, it can lead witnesses to "remember" a face that they actually saw somewhere other than the crime scene. 
D)  Eyewitness memories are often inaccurate because by the time witnesses are asked to testify in court, information they learned after an incident may blend into their original memories.

Exam 7: Memory.