Question 1

The postconventional level in Kohlberg's theory of moral reasoning is characterized by moral reasoning that is guidedby internalized legal and moral principles concerned with the protection of the rights of all members of society.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

In an experiment, it was found that newborn rats who were genetically predisposed to be calm and stress-resistant grew upto be nervous, high-strung, and easily stressed adult rats when raised by genetically unrelated, inattentive mothers. The explanation for these results was that:

Accepted Answer

A) the rats' DNA changed because of their upbringing. 
B) epigenetic changes had taken place that changed their brain chemistry and literally "reprogrammed" their future behavior. 
C) severe genetic mutations had taken place from one generation to the next. 
D) the rats' DNA was damaged by environmental factors, such as exposure to ultraviolet light, radiation, or chemical toxins.

Question 3

Parents who are demanding but unresponsive to their children's needs are called _____, while parents who are demanding yet responsive to their children's needs are called_____.

Accepted Answer

A) authoritative; permissive 
B) authoritarian; authoritative 
C) permissive; indulgent 
D) authoritative; authoritarian

Question 4

Phenotype is to genotype as:

Accepted Answer

A) inherited genes are to expressed characteristics. 
B) expressed characteristics are to inherited genes. 
C) recessive traits are to dominant traits. 
D) dominant traits are to recessive traits.

Question 5

In regards to temperament, about _____ of babies cannot be categorized as either easy, difficult, or slow-to-warm-up because they do not fit neatly into any of these categories.

Accepted Answer

A) one percent 
B) one-third 
C) three-quarters 
D) one-tenth

Question 6

Babies typically learn to sit up without support before they learn to roll over.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Stressful family environments can activate some of the same hormones that are involved in activating puberty, leading to earlier maturation in some adolescents.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Michelle has freckles. It is likely that she inherited:

Accepted Answer

A) two recessive "no freckles" genes, one from each biological parent. 
B) a dominant version of the "freckles" gene from either or both of her biological parents. 
C) two recessive "freckles" genes, one from each biological parent. 
D) a dominant version of the "no freckles" gene from either or both of her biological parents.

Question 9

The term ventrodorsal trend refers to the fact that physical and motor skill development in infants tends to follow a "topto bottom" sequence.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

When Cheryl learned that her grandfather was nearing death,she expected him to express anger and fear. Instead, she was surprised to hear him speak in a matter-of-fact way about arrangements for his funeral. Cheryl's grandfather's attitude toward death:

Accepted Answer

A) is most likely genetic. 
B) is influenced by cultural, philosophical, and religious beliefs. 
C) demonstrates denial and distancing. 
D) is more typically seen in men than women.

Question 11

Connor and Mandy are two unrelated 13-month-old infants.Connor can already walk easily, but Mandy has yet to take her first steps. What is the most likely explanation for the difference between their ability levels?

Accepted Answer

A) Connor is brighter than Mandy, since he is progressing through the stages of development more rapidly. 
B) Mandy and Connor are both well within the normal age range for the development of these motor skills 
C) Connor's mother has taught him to walk, but Mandy's mother has not taught her to walk. 
D) Mandy's inability to walk at 13 months is abnormal and may indicate the presence of other developmental problems.

Question 12

Psychologists and neuroscientists have successfully identified the hormonal peaks and surges that are now known to be responsible for the mood swings, impulsiveness, and risk-taking behaviors that are common among adolescents.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

According to developmental psychologist Jerome Kagan, there are two broad temperamental patterns, which are:

Accepted Answer

A) high-reactive and low-reactive. 
B) slow-to-warm-up and difficult. 
C) secure and insecure. 
D) difficult and shy.

Question 14

Examples of teratogens include alcohol, cocaine, heroin, and industrial chemicals such as PCBs and mercury.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

At every age and stage of life, _____ psychologists investigate the influence of multiple factors on how people change physically, mentally, and socially, including biological,environmental, social, cultural, and behavioral factors.

Accepted Answer

A) epigenetic 
B) cognitive 
C) biological 
D) developmental

Question 16

Kohlberg and his colleagues eventually dropped stage 6 fromhis theory of moral reasoning because longitudinal research showed that none of the participants showed stage 6 moral reasoning, and that clear-cut expressions of "universal moral principles" are very rare.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Throughout any given person's lifespan, there is ongoing interaction between hereditary and environmental factors, each influencing the other.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Stem cells are:

Accepted Answer

A) long, threadlike structures composed of twisted parallel strands of deoxyribonucleic acid. 
B) cells that can divide indefinitely, renew themselves, and give rise to a variety of other types of cells. 
C) cells that have mutated or spontaneously changed during transmission from one generation to the next. 
D) cells that have been damaged by environmental factors, such as exposure to ultraviolet light, radiation, or chemical toxins.

Question 19

In the final stage of Erik Erikson's theory, the key psychosocial task facing people in late adulthood is egointegrity versus despair.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Compare and contrast the views of Jean Piaget and LevVy gotsky on the cognitive development of children.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Compare and contrast the views of Jean...

Exam 9: Lifespan Development

The postconventional level in Kohlberg's theory of moral reasoning is characterized by moral reasoning that is guidedby internalized legal and moral principles concerned with the protection of the rights of all members of society.

In an experiment, it was found that newborn rats who were genetically predisposed to be calm and stress-resistant grew upto be nervous, high-strung, and easily stressed adult rats when raised by genetically unrelated, inattentive mothers. The explanation for these results was that:

Parents who are demanding but unresponsive to their children's needs are called _, while parents who are demanding yet responsive to their children's needs are called_.

Phenotype is to genotype as:

In regards to temperament, about _____ of babies cannot be categorized as either easy, difficult, or slow-to-warm-up because they do not fit neatly into any of these categories.

Babies typically learn to sit up without support before they learn to roll over.

Stressful family environments can activate some of the same hormones that are involved in activating puberty, leading to earlier maturation in some adolescents.

Michelle has freckles. It is likely that she inherited:

The term ventrodorsal trend refers to the fact that physical and motor skill development in infants tends to follow a "topto bottom" sequence.

When Cheryl learned that her grandfather was nearing death,she expected him to express anger and fear. Instead, she was surprised to hear him speak in a matter-of-fact way about arrangements for his funeral. Cheryl's grandfather's attitude toward death:

Connor and Mandy are two unrelated 13-month-old infants.Connor can already walk easily, but Mandy has yet to take her first steps. What is the most likely explanation for the difference between their ability levels?

Psychologists and neuroscientists have successfully identified the hormonal peaks and surges that are now known to be responsible for the mood swings, impulsiveness, and risk-taking behaviors that are common among adolescents.

According to developmental psychologist Jerome Kagan, there are two broad temperamental patterns, which are:

Examples of teratogens include alcohol, cocaine, heroin, and industrial chemicals such as PCBs and mercury.

At every age and stage of life, _____ psychologists investigate the influence of multiple factors on how people change physically, mentally, and socially, including biological,environmental, social, cultural, and behavioral factors.

Kohlberg and his colleagues eventually dropped stage 6 fromhis theory of moral reasoning because longitudinal research showed that none of the participants showed stage 6 moral reasoning, and that clear-cut expressions of "universal moral principles" are very rare.

Throughout any given person's lifespan, there is ongoing interaction between hereditary and environmental factors, each influencing the other.

Stem cells are:

In the final stage of Erik Erikson's theory, the key psychosocial task facing people in late adulthood is egointegrity versus despair.

Compare and contrast the views of Jean Piaget and LevVy gotsky on the cognitive development of children.