Question 1

Subtest scores on the WAIS have proven to have practical andclinical value, such as indicating a specific learning disability.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

According to the Enhancing Well-Being with Psychology section, "A Workshop on Creativity,"creativity can be enhanced if you:

Accepted Answer

A) ignore everyday hassles and focus on the "big picture." 
B) try to avoid learning too much about the area in which you wish to be creative, so as to guarantee a fresh approach. 
C) focus all your efforts on refining a single promising approach, rather than being distracted by too many possibilities. 
D) are flexible and persist in the face of obstacles and setbacks.

Question 3

People tend to believe evidence that confirms what they want to believe is true, a bias that is sometimes called the wishful thinking bias.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

Parents with children in day care may be motivated to embrace research findings that emphasize the benefits of day care for young children and discount findings that emphasize the benefits of home-based care. This is an example of the:

Accepted Answer

A) wishful thinking bias. 
B) confirmation bias. 
C) fallacy of positive instances. 
D) belief-bias effect.

Question 5

The mental categories we have formed to group objects,events, or situations that share similar features or characteristics are called:

Accepted Answer

A) concepts. 
B) mental images. 
C) algorithms. 
D) heuristics.

Question 6

Faced with a wide variety of computers to choose from, Mary first eliminated all models that would not fit comfortably onher desk. Next, she eliminated all models costing more than$1000. Finally, she eliminated all models without a full year's warranty. It appears that Mary is using the _____ of decision making.

Accepted Answer

A) single-feature model 
B) additive model 
C) elimination by aspects model 
D) integrative model

Question 7

A heritability estimate of 60 percent for intelligence would mean that roughly 60 percent of a given individual's IQ scoreis due to his or her genes.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Tom, whose story was told in the Prologue, has Asperger'ssyndrome. Like many people, he can become frustrated whenhe is "stuck" on a problem. However, unlike other people whorecognize when it's time to switch to a new strategy or acceptdefeat and give up, Tom perseveres in trying to find the"right" solution, demonstrating _____, which are characteristics of Asperger's syndrome.

Accepted Answer

A) cognitive rigidity and inflexible thinking 
B) intuitive thinking and insight 
C) creativity, displacement, and generativity 
D) mental retardation and a low IQ

Question 9

The term _____ refers to the rules for combining words in a particular language.

Accepted Answer

A) generative 
B) displacement 
C) syntax 
D) exemplar

Question 10

Faced with evidence that seems to contradict a hoped-for finding, people may object to the study's methodology. This is an example of the:

Accepted Answer

A) wishful thinking bias. 
B) confirmation bias. 
C) fallacy of positive instances. 
D) belief-bias effect.

Question 11

A system that combines arbitrary symbols to produce an infinite number of meaningful statements is a definition of:

Accepted Answer

A) a mental set. 
B) language. 
C) the linguistic relativity hypothesis. 
D) an algorithm.

Question 12

The linguistic relativity hypothesis is the idea that:

Accepted Answer

A) the meaning of language is determined by the relative perceptions of the people who use that language. 
B) most languages have a common root and thus are relatively similar. 
C) differences among languages cause differences in the thoughts and perceptions of their speakers 
D) all languages have a relatively similar basic syntax.

Question 13

According to Bowers, the fact that the initial stage of intuitionis unconscious means that it is also irrational and unlikely to generate accurate results.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

How we use our cognitive abilities and accumulated knowledge to think, solve problems, and use language are all key dimensions of:

Accepted Answer

A) perception. 
B) sensation. 
C) intelligence. 
D) memory.

Question 15

Comparative cognition is a field of psychology that focuses oncross-cultural research on problem solving, language, and intelligence.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

When a test was described as measuring "problem-solvingskills," African-American students did just as well as white students. But when told that the same test measured"intellectual ability,"African-American students scored lower than white students. This is an example of stereotype lift.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Only a few highly gifted people are capable of true creativity.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Cross-cultural research has shown that members ofstigmatized social groups tend to score 10 to 15 points loweron IQ tests than members of the dominant social group, evenwhen they share the same racial or ethnic background.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Nikki wandered into a produce store in Chinatown and saw abin marked LITCHIS that was filled with small round objects with bumpy red shells. As she was trying to decide whether"litchis" were fruits or vegetables, she was mentally comparing them to her memories of other instances of fruitsand vegetables, such as cherry tomatoes, raspberries,strawberries, and grapes. In her attempt to classify the litchis,Nikki was using:

Accepted Answer

A) exemplars. 
B) formal concept rules and features. 
C) stereotypes. 
D) prototypes.

Question 20

The representativeness heuristic and the availability heuristicare two rule-of-thumb strategies that help us estimate the likelihood of events.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 7: Thinking Language,and Intelegance

Subtest scores on the WAIS have proven to have practical andclinical value, such as indicating a specific learning disability.

According to the Enhancing Well-Being with Psychology section, "A Workshop on Creativity,"creativity can be enhanced if you:

People tend to believe evidence that confirms what they want to believe is true, a bias that is sometimes called the wishful thinking bias.

Parents with children in day care may be motivated to embrace research findings that emphasize the benefits of day care for young children and discount findings that emphasize the benefits of home-based care. This is an example of the:

The mental categories we have formed to group objects,events, or situations that share similar features or characteristics are called:

A heritability estimate of 60 percent for intelligence would mean that roughly 60 percent of a given individual's IQ scoreis due to his or her genes.

The term _____ refers to the rules for combining words in a particular language.

Faced with evidence that seems to contradict a hoped-for finding, people may object to the study's methodology. This is an example of the:

A system that combines arbitrary symbols to produce an infinite number of meaningful statements is a definition of:

The linguistic relativity hypothesis is the idea that:

According to Bowers, the fact that the initial stage of intuitionis unconscious means that it is also irrational and unlikely to generate accurate results.

How we use our cognitive abilities and accumulated knowledge to think, solve problems, and use language are all key dimensions of:

Comparative cognition is a field of psychology that focuses oncross-cultural research on problem solving, language, and intelligence.

When a test was described as measuring "problem-solvingskills," African-American students did just as well as white students. But when told that the same test measured"intellectual ability,"African-American students scored lower than white students. This is an example of stereotype lift.

Only a few highly gifted people are capable of true creativity.

Cross-cultural research has shown that members ofstigmatized social groups tend to score 10 to 15 points loweron IQ tests than members of the dominant social group, evenwhen they share the same racial or ethnic background.

The representativeness heuristic and the availability heuristicare two rule-of-thumb strategies that help us estimate the likelihood of events.