Question 1

What occurs during the refractory period?

Accepted Answer

A) The neuron depolarizes. 
B) Neurotransmitters are released by the dendrites. 
C) The charge of the neuron's interior increases to about +60 millivolts. 
D) The neuron reestablishes the negative-inside/positive-outside condition.

Question 2

Phrenology, which was a popular pseudoscience in the 1800s,has since been refuted by modern brain research, including research with brain-imaging techniques.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

As your body's emergency system, the sympathetic nervous system rapidly triggers the fight-or-flight response when a threat or danger is perceived.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

People with Broca's aphasia find it difficult or impossible to produce speech.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

This cross section of the human brain depicts several key structures. Pick the alternative that correctly labels the structures in the drawing.

Accepted Answer

A) 1 = hypothalamus, 2 = nucleus, 3 = axon, 4 = myelin sheath 
B) 1 = corpus callosum, 2 = pons, 3 = cerebellum, 4 = medulla 
C) 1 = hippocampus, 2 = reticular formation, 3 = medulla, 4 = spinal cord 
D) 1 = thalamus, 2 = hypothalamus, 3 = pons, 4 = brain stem

Question 6

Dendrites receive information from other neurons.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

The hypothalamus exerts control over the endocrine system bydirectly triggering activity in the:

Accepted Answer

A) amygdala. 
B) thyroid. 
C) pituitary gland. 
D) hippocampus.

Question 8

Although Franz Gall and the phrenologists were wrong aboutthe significance of bumps on the skull, they were correct about the idea that different psychological functions are localized indifferent brain areas.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

The receiving, or postsynaptic, neuron can have many differently shaped receptor sites on its dendrites, allowing it to receive more than one type of neurotransmitter.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Studies with rats have confirmed that exposure to "enriched"environments produces structural changes in the brains of young rats but not in the brains of fully mature or older rats.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

The brain's ability to change function and structure is called cortical localization.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

The drug curare blocks acetylcholine receptor sites, causingvirtually instantaneous paralysis. Thus, curare is an agonist.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

There are roughly _____ neurons in the human brain.

Accepted Answer

A) 500,000 
B) 500 million 
C) 1 billion 
D) 100 billion

Question 14

Research has shown that living in an enriched environmen tcan affect the brain, but only in very young mammals.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

The analogy used in the book referred to the axon membrane asa "gatekeeper." This means that the membrane:

Accepted Answer

A) determines whether an action potential will "pass" through the axon. 
B) controls the balance of positive and negative ions in the interior and the exterior of the axon. 
C) operates in an "all-or-none" fashion, either opening to allow neurotransmitters to pass or not. 
D) uses the nodes of Ranvier to allow some ions to move out of the axon and neurotransmitters to move into the axon.

Question 16

Growth hormone, prolactin, oxytocin, and the gonadotropins are all secreted by:

Accepted Answer

A) the pineal gland. 
B) the adrenal medulla. 
C) the pituitary gland. 
D) the hypothalamus.

Question 17

In combination, the structures of the hindbrain and themidbrain are referred to as the brainstem.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

White matter is to gray matter as _____ is(are) to _____.

Accepted Answer

A) cell bodies and glial cells; myelinated axons 
B) myelinated axons; cell bodies and glial cells 
C) dendrites; glial cells and axons 
D) midbrain; hindbrain

Question 19

Which of the following best defines neurogenesis?

Accepted Answer

A) the development of new neurons 
B) the first neuron to generate an action potential 
C) the influence of neurons on the formation of new genes 
D) the influence of genes on the firing rate of neurons

Question 20

Which gland produces melatonin, a hormone that helps to regulate our sleep-wake cycle?

Accepted Answer

A) the pineal gland 
B) the pituitary gland 
C) the pancreas 
D) the thyroid gland

Exam 2: Neuroscience and Behavior

What occurs during the refractory period?

Phrenology, which was a popular pseudoscience in the 1800s,has since been refuted by modern brain research, including research with brain-imaging techniques.

As your body's emergency system, the sympathetic nervous system rapidly triggers the fight-or-flight response when a threat or danger is perceived.

People with Broca's aphasia find it difficult or impossible to produce speech.

This cross section of the human brain depicts several key structures. Pick the alternative that correctly labels the structures in the drawing.

Dendrites receive information from other neurons.

The hypothalamus exerts control over the endocrine system bydirectly triggering activity in the:

Although Franz Gall and the phrenologists were wrong aboutthe significance of bumps on the skull, they were correct about the idea that different psychological functions are localized indifferent brain areas.

The receiving, or postsynaptic, neuron can have many differently shaped receptor sites on its dendrites, allowing it to receive more than one type of neurotransmitter.

Studies with rats have confirmed that exposure to "enriched"environments produces structural changes in the brains of young rats but not in the brains of fully mature or older rats.

The brain's ability to change function and structure is called cortical localization.

The drug curare blocks acetylcholine receptor sites, causingvirtually instantaneous paralysis. Thus, curare is an agonist.

There are roughly _____ neurons in the human brain.

Research has shown that living in an enriched environmen tcan affect the brain, but only in very young mammals.

The analogy used in the book referred to the axon membrane asa "gatekeeper." This means that the membrane:

Growth hormone, prolactin, oxytocin, and the gonadotropins are all secreted by:

In combination, the structures of the hindbrain and themidbrain are referred to as the brainstem.

White matter is to gray matter as _ is(are) to _.

Which of the following best defines neurogenesis?

Which gland produces melatonin, a hormone that helps to regulate our sleep-wake cycle?