Question 1

Because the 80-year-old patient is prone to dehydration related to the age-related change of decreased thirst and kidney function,the nurse monitors for the earliest sign of dehydration,which is:

Accepted Answer

A) reduced skin turgor. 
B) constipation. 
C) increased temperature. 
D) thirst.

Question 2

The nurse is caring for a patient who has been on total parenteral nutrition (TPN)for 48 hours.The nurse demonstrates the most effective nursing care by:

Accepted Answer

A) checking the patient's blood glucose level according to facility protocol. 
B) speeding up the solution if the prescribed intake falls behind. 
C) informing the patient that TPN can only be administered via a central line for 1 week. 
D) monitoring the peripheral IV site of TPN infusion for signs of infiltration at least every 8 hours.

Question 3

The nurse uses a picture to show how ions equalize their concentration by the passive transport process of:

Accepted Answer

A) osmosis. 
B) filtration. 
C) titration. 
D) diffusion.

Question 4

The nurse is caring for a newly admitted patient with uncontrolled nausea and vomiting.The patient has a history of alcoholism and diabetes.Upon obtaining orders from the primary care provider,the nurse would question which orders: (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A) Administer 10 mg prochlorperazine maleate (Compazine), IM every 4 to 6 hours for nausea and vomiting. 
B) Administer diphenoxylate atropine (Lomotil), 2 tabs, by mouth after first occurrence of nausea and vomiting. 
C) Administer Lactated Ringer's solution, IV, at 100 mL/hr. 
D) Monitor the patient's intake and output every 4 hours. 
E) Obtain patient's weight every morning and record.

Question 5

When the nurse assesses a potassium level of 2.9 mEq/L in the patient with vomiting and diarrhea,the nurse will be alert for:

Accepted Answer

A) excessive urinary output. 
B) abdominal distention. 
C) increased reflexes. 
D) hyperactive bowel sounds.

Question 6

Matching
The nurse explains that the chain of events that results in hypocalcemia for the patient in early renal failure is: (Match the events to the proper sequence.)

-Step: 3

Accepted Answer

A) loss of calcium ions. 
B) vitamin D not activated. 
C) bone loss. 
D) retention of phosphates. 
E) loss of absorption of calcium from the GI tract.

Question 7

The nurse uses a diagram to demonstrate how in dehydration the water is drawn into the plasma from the cells by the process of:

Accepted Answer

A) distillation. 
B) diffusion. 
C) filtration. 
D) osmosis.

Question 8

The nurse determines there is no need for further instruction related to a low-sodium diet when the patient says:

Accepted Answer

A) "I can have all the dried fruits I want." 
B) "I'm looking forward to a tall glass of tomato juice." 
C) "I'm going to eat my favorite avocado and orange salad." 
D) "I'm going to eat a cheeseburger with extra catsup."

Question 9

The nurse assessing a patient with vomiting and diarrhea observes that the urine is scant and concentrated.The nurse explains that the compensatory reabsorption of water is controlled by:

Accepted Answer

A) osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus. 
B) antidiuretic hormone in the posterior pituitary. 
C) baroreceptors in the carotid sinus. 
D) insulin from the pancreas.

Question 10

The patient has a potassium level of 5.0.The nurse closely monitors the patient for: (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A) muscle weakness. 
B) cardiac dysrhythmias. 
C) decreased reflexes. 
D) urinary retention. 
E) hypotension.

Question 11

The patient taking furosemide (Lasix)to correct excess edema shows a weight loss of 5.5 pounds in 24 hours.The nurse calculates this weight loss to be the excretion of approximately _____ liters of fluid.

Accepted Answer

A) 1.0 
B) 1.5 
C) 2.0 
D) 2.5

Question 12

Matching
The nurse explains that the chain of events that results in hypocalcemia for the patient in early renal failure is: (Match the events to the proper sequence.)

-Step: 5

Accepted Answer

A) loss of calcium ions. 
B) vitamin D not activated. 
C) bone loss. 
D) retention of phosphates. 
E) loss of absorption of calcium from the GI tract.

Exam 3: Fluid, electrolytes, acid-base Balance, and Intravenous Therapy

Because the 80-year-old patient is prone to dehydration related to the age-related change of decreased thirst and kidney function,the nurse monitors for the earliest sign of dehydration,which is:

The nurse is caring for a patient who has been on total parenteral nutrition (TPN) for 48 hours.The nurse demonstrates the most effective nursing care by: