Question 1

A relatively permanent change in a person's knowledge or behaviour that results from experiences is called ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A relatively permanent change in a person's...

Question 2

Treena is a bright and personable girl in your sixth-grade class. A large part of your classroom activities involve class participation through questioning and recitation. Treena, however, never raises her hand and, when called on, "freezes" and often says nothing. You notice that she is social with friends. Her shyness seems restricted to speaking before a group. Discussion with her fifth-grade teacher indicates that the same behaviour took place last year. To help Treena become less inhibited about answering in class, you consider possible strategies or principles suggested by behavioural theories. Describe how each of the following approaches might be used in a behavioural plan designed to help her.
-Using the above strategies together with other principles, briefly describe the overall approach you personally would favour for working with Treena.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Treena is a bright and personable girl...

Question 3

Ms. Castello has tried several configurations for students to practice the Spanish conversations they memorize in the book. Students seem to enjoy the task most when they work in pairs around the classroom, and they dread the task when they are required to perform in front of the class. How might Ms. Castello use this information to provide negative reinforcement

Accepted Answer

A)  Reward students by allowing them to work in pairs if they complete written assignments in a timely manner. 
B)  Punish students when they fail to participate in the whole class activity by taking away the privilege of working in pairs. 
C)  Remove the requirement to perform in front of the class if students focus and perform well in pairs. 
D)  Assure students that they will be allowed to work in pairs after they perform in front of the class.

Question 4

In a contingency contract program, teachers set up

Accepted Answer

A)  a group performance contract with each class. 
B)  individual performance contracts with each student. 
C)  "reward contracts" as models for misbehaving students. 
D)  punishment contracts with students who misbehave.

Question 5

Ms. Johnson's sixth graders complained about diagramming sentences, and they were able convince her to show a movie first. Ms. Johnson made the common error of

Accepted Answer

A)  bribing the students in order to gain their cooperation. 
B)  promising a reward for an unflavoured activity. 
C)  providing an incompatible alternative to the lesson. 
D)  using a reinforcer before a low-frequency behaviour.

Question 6

Removing an aversive stimulus to increase the frequency of a behaviour exemplifies

Accepted Answer

A)  negative reinforcement. 
B)  positive reinforcement. 
C)  presentation punishment. 
D)  removal punishment.

Question 7

In her fifth-grade classroom, Ms. Latimer has several students who don't cooperate when she tells the class to get into group formation. These students are vocal about disliking group work. Ms. Latimer told them today that they may shorten their group task time by getting into groups quickly and completing cooperative tasks according to the ten-minute schedule she has planned. Ms. Latimer is using which of the following methods to get her students to cooperate?

Accepted Answer

A)  Negative reinforcement 
B)  Social isolation 
C)  Response cost 
D)  Premack principle

Question 8

In operant conditioning, the complete removal of the usual reinforcer will eventually lead to ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In operant conditioning, the complete removal of...

Question 9

B. F. Skinner is to ________, as Ivan Pavlov is to ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  classical conditioning; cognitive learning 
B)  classical conditioning; operant conditioning 
C)  cognitive learning; classical conditioning 
D)  operant conditioning; classical conditioning

Question 10

Lily does not like conflict. When her parents argue and raise their voices, Lily feels frightened. At school, Mr. Nash raises his voice and Lily begins to tremble. Lily's trembling is

Accepted Answer

A)  a neutral response. 
B)  an unconditioned response. 
C)  a conditioned response. 
D)  a conditioned stimulus.

Question 11

Crediting all students to earn a reward for both academic work and positive classroom behaviour that can be redeemed for a desired reward is called a ________ system.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Crediting all students to earn a reward...

Question 12

Ms. Cardot wants her students to enjoy math. In order to help students associate math with pleasant thoughts, she introduces new manipulatives at the math centre each week for students to use in solving math problems. Often the manipulatives involve edible snacks. Ms. Cardot's approach is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  operant conditioning. 
B)  classical conditioning. 
C)  unconditioned response. 
D)  neutral response.

Question 13

17-year-old Kelly receives a ticket for speeding. Her parents take away the privilege of using the car. Her parents are using

Accepted Answer

A)  negative reinforcement. 
B)  positive reinforcement. 
C)  presentation punishment. 
D)  removal punishment.

Question 14

The Premack Principle states that

Accepted Answer

A)  a less-preferred activity is postponed until after a preferred activity. 
B)  a preferred activity is withheld until rewards are earned. 
C)  a preferred activity is a reinforcer for a less-preferred activity. 
D)  less-preferred activities can be very effective as punishment activities.

Question 15

The principle of contiguity involves an association between

Accepted Answer

A)  a negative and a positive stimulus. 
B)  emotion and behaviour. 
C)  two events through pairing. 
D)  two events through reinforcement.

Question 16

Compare and contrast the strategies of cueing and shaping as methods for developing desirable behaviours.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Compare and contrast the strategies of cueing...

Question 17

Describe what is meant by the "praise-and-ignore" approach to classroom management. What are the strengths and limitations of this approach? Give several examples of the types of incidents to which it might be applied appropriately.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe what is meant by the "praise-and-ignore"...

Question 18

Kathy frequently makes faces at her classmates. Instead of punishing her for making faces, the teacher has the students totally ignore Kathy. This example illustrates the teacher's attempt at

Accepted Answer

A)  cueing. 
B)  extinction. 
C)  modelling. 
D)  shaping.

Question 19

In order for students to gain control of their own learning, they must be able to set their own goals, participate in self-evaluation, and achieve self-________, although there is some disagreement about whether this last step is really necessary.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In order for students to gain control...

Question 20

Describe Pavlov's experiment in classical conditioning, identifying and defining all the major components of the conditioning model.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe Pavlov's experiment in classical conditioning, identifying...

Exam 7: Behavioural Views of Learning