Question 1

_____ can be used to fight against the negative effects of media on children at the macrosystem level.

Accepted Answer

A)   Parental control of children's access
B)   Community center programs aimed at children
C)   Violent media
D)   Regulation of advertising D

Question 2

According to Erikson, if a person does not successfully resolve the conflict of a particular stage, the person

Accepted Answer

A)   becomes fixated on the needs of that stage.
B)   makes hostile attributions.
C)   develops infantile amnesia.
D)   continues to struggle with the issue. D

Question 3

When a child is driven by mastery or by others' views of their success they are experiencing

Accepted Answer

A)   achievement motivation
B)   the entity orientation
C)   a hostile attribution bias
D)   self-socialization A

Question 4

Many evolutionary psychologists believe that _____ is/are an evolved platform for learning.

Accepted Answer

A)   computers
B)   books
C)   school
D)   play

Question 5

The view that children choose certain environments for themselves is similar to Bandura's concept of

Accepted Answer

A)   intermittent reinforcement.
B)   behavior modification.
C)   reciprocal determinism.
D)   self-socialization.

Question 6

Which of the following are avoided from most theories of social development?

Accepted Answer

A)   instincts.
B)   imprinting.
C)   brain systems.
D)   genetic adaptations.

Question 7

A person who believes that intelligence can grow as a function of experience is considered by Dweck and her colleagues to have a(n) _____ theory of intelligence.

Accepted Answer

A)   learning
B)   entity
C)   incremental
D)   mastery

Question 8

In which of Freud's stages of development does sexual energy get channeled into socially acceptable activities?

Accepted Answer

A)   phallic stage
B)   oral stage
C)   genital stage
D)   latency period

Question 9

If the ego, as theorized by Freud, could speak, which statement would it be MOST likely to say?

Accepted Answer

A)   "Let's figure out how to make this work."
B)   "I want it NOW!"
C)   "That's not the right thing to do."
D)   "That's going to cause problems in the future."

Question 10

Contemporary learning theorists emphasize the importance of _____ on children's development.

Accepted Answer

A)   socialization
B)   internal forces
C)   subjective experience
D)   context

Question 11

Michael is 16 years old. Which stage of development is he currently in, according to Freud?

Accepted Answer

A)   phallic stage
B)   oral stage
C)   genital stage
D)   latency period

Question 12

While Alex is swinging on the school playground's monkey bars, he kicks Michael on the shoulder. If Michael has a hostile attributional bias, he will believe

Accepted Answer

A)   Alex kicked him intentionally.
B)   Alex kicked him accidentally.
C)   he got in Alex's way.
D)   he deserved to be kicked.

Question 13

The id is ruled by

Accepted Answer

A)   the conscience.
B)   the pleasure principle.
C)   conscious impulses.
D)   the reality principle.

Question 14

Which property is NOT a goal theorized by Erikson first five stages of development to be important?

Accepted Answer

A)   differentiation
B)   trust
C)   identity
D)   initiative

Question 15

On which point do Freud and current developmental psychologists disagree?

Accepted Answer

A)   existence of infantile amnesia
B)   effect of repression on early memory
C)   importance of close early relationships
D)   idea that much of human behavior stems from unconscious processes

Question 16

The parents of 2-year-old Joshua are frustrated with his screaming when he wants something. According to Skinner, which of these would be the BEST advice to give Joshua's parents if they wish to stop Joshua's screaming?

Accepted Answer

A)   Give Joshua what he wants whether or not he screams.
B)   Always give Joshua what he wants when he screams.
C)   Sometimes give Joshua what he wants when he screams, and sometimes refuse to give him what he wants when he screams.
D)   Never give Joshua what he wants when he screams.

Question 17

Watson employed _____ to create fear of a white rat in "Little Albert."

Accepted Answer

A)   systematic desensitization
B)   operant conditioning
C)   classical conditioning
D)   role taking

Question 18

Freud's stages are characterized by

Accepted Answer

A)   the context that is important during that time period.
B)   a specific crisis that must be resolved.
C)   the erogenous zones in which the psychic energy is focused.
D)   a particular manner of responding to reward and reinforcement.

Question 19

According to Erikson, children develop a conscience during which stage?

Accepted Answer

A)   initiative versus guilt
B)   autonomy versus shame and doubt
C)   basic trust versus mistrust
D)   identity versus role confusion

Question 20

Imprinting is of particular concern to _____ theorists.

Accepted Answer

A)   bioecological
B)   psychoanalytic
C)   ethological
D)   social learning

Exam 9: Theories of Social Development