Question 1

The workers who are employed in temporary gigs as just-in-time and as-needed workers are called _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  overtime workers 
B)  permatemps 
C)  flextime workers 
D)  virtual workers 
E)  independent contractors

Question 2

According to equity theory, _____ is an outcome.

Accepted Answer

A)  quality of work 
B)  education 
C)  experience 
D)  special skills 
E)  job assignments

Question 3

_____ is a reinforcement strategy that discourages behavior by making the removal of a desirable consequence contingent on its occurrence.

Accepted Answer

A)  Negative reinforcement 
B)  Vicarious modeling 
C)  Positive reinforcement 
D)  Extinction 
E)  Punishment

Question 4

_____ is a process of arranging work tasks for individuals and groups.

Accepted Answer

A)  Task analysis 
B)  Operant conditioning 
C)  Work scope 
D)  Resource management 
E)  Job design

Question 5

_____ is a person's belief that he or she is capable of performing a task.

Accepted Answer

A)  Expectancy 
B)  Self-efficacy 
C)  Instrumentality 
D)  Credibility 
E)  Competency

Question 6

The _____ states that for a reward to have maximum enhancement value, it must be delivered only if the desired behavior is exhibited.

Accepted Answer

A)  law of effect 
B)  deficit principle 
C)  law of immediate reinforcement 
D)  frustration-regression principle 
E)  law of contingent reinforcement

Question 7

Valence is the value a person assigns to work-related _____.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Valence is the value a person assigns...

Question 8

Natalie encourages her employees by recognizing and immediately rewarding a good performance, so that it motivates the employee as well as others to consistently perform well. This type of strategy to increase the frequency of desirable behavior is known as _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  vicarious modeling 
B)  job rotation 
C)  positive reinforcement 
D)  extinction 
E)  punishment

Question 9

In Maslow's hierarchy, esteem and self-actualization are ____-order needs.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In Maslow's hierarchy, esteem and self-actualization are...

Question 10

A job that requires a variety of activities to be carried out and involves the use of varied expertise and talent of the employee is high on _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  task identity 
B)  skill variety 
C)  autonomy 
D)  task significance 
E)  task analysis

Question 11

When thinking about Edwin Locke's Goal-Setting Theory, people like to have some say in how to reach a goal and what the goal should be. This is an example of ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  building goal acceptance and commitment 
B)  clarifying goal priorities 
C)  providing feedback on goal accomplishment 
D)  rewarding goal accomplishment 
E)  setting specific goals

Question 12

A job that provides a person the complete authority to schedule the work and choose the course of action is high in _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  task significance 
B)  task identity 
C)  skill variety 
D)  autonomy 
E)  task analysis

Question 13

Job ______ employs people in clearly defined and specialized tasks with narrow job scope.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Job ______ employs people in clearly defined...

Question 14

Kevin, a young graduate, wanted to get a job and work hard to become an assistant manager in a year's time. Now that he is an assistant manager after more than a year's struggle, Kevin seems to have become complacent and does not seem to have the same drive as he had a year ago. Which of the following does Kevin's situation exemplify?

Accepted Answer

A)  Self-serving bias 
B)  Framing error 
C)  Deficit principle 
D)  Progression principle 
E)  Frustration-regression principle

Question 15

Punishment discourages behavior by making a(n) _______ consequence contingent on its occurrence.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Punishment discourages behavior by making a(n) _______...

Question 16

The _____ states that a satisfied need is not a motivator of behavior.

Accepted Answer

A)  expectancy theory 
B)  progression principle 
C)  self-efficacy theory 
D)  deficit principle 
E)  frustration-regression principle

Question 17

Relatedness needs are desires for good ______ relationships.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Relatedness needs are desires for good ______...

Question 18

Abraham Maslow classifies physiological needs as lower-order needs in his human needs theory.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Under-reward inequity occurs when an individual perceives that his or her outcomes-to-inputs ratio is greater than that of his or her referent.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

According to Stacy Adams, to deal with negative inequity, people change their work inputs by putting less effort into their jobs.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 16: Motivation Theory and Practice

The workers who are employed in temporary gigs as just-in-time and as-needed workers are called _____.

According to equity theory, _____ is an outcome.

_____ is a reinforcement strategy that discourages behavior by making the removal of a desirable consequence contingent on its occurrence.

_____ is a process of arranging work tasks for individuals and groups.

_____ is a person's belief that he or she is capable of performing a task.

The _____ states that for a reward to have maximum enhancement value, it must be delivered only if the desired behavior is exhibited.

Valence is the value a person assigns to work-related _____.

Natalie encourages her employees by recognizing and immediately rewarding a good performance, so that it motivates the employee as well as others to consistently perform well. This type of strategy to increase the frequency of desirable behavior is known as _____.

In Maslow's hierarchy, esteem and self-actualization are ____-order needs.

A job that requires a variety of activities to be carried out and involves the use of varied expertise and talent of the employee is high on _____.

When thinking about Edwin Locke's Goal-Setting Theory, people like to have some say in how to reach a goal and what the goal should be. This is an example of ____.

A job that provides a person the complete authority to schedule the work and choose the course of action is high in _____.

Job ______ employs people in clearly defined and specialized tasks with narrow job scope.

Punishment discourages behavior by making a(n) _______ consequence contingent on its occurrence.

The _____ states that a satisfied need is not a motivator of behavior.

Relatedness needs are desires for good ______ relationships.

Abraham Maslow classifies physiological needs as lower-order needs in his human needs theory.

Under-reward inequity occurs when an individual perceives that his or her outcomes-to-inputs ratio is greater than that of his or her referent.

According to Stacy Adams, to deal with negative inequity, people change their work inputs by putting less effort into their jobs.