Ryan, the Marketing Manager at a Company, Decides to Invest

Multiple Choice

Ryan, the marketing manager at a company, decides to invest more money to promote a technology that has earlier failed at the market due to its technical incompetency. Ryan is unwilling to accept that the product lacks the competitive edge to survive in the market. He is not ready to admit his mistakes and applies more resources to pursue a course of action that is not working. This type of decision-making trap is known as _____.

A) confirmation error
B) escalating commitment
C) framing error
D) strategic opportunism
E) lack-of-participation error