Question 1

Theodor W. Engelmann illuminated a filament of algae with light that passed through a prism, thus exposing different segments of algae to different wavelengths of light. He added aerobic bacteria and then noted in which areas the bacteria congregated. He noted that the largest groups were found in the areas illuminated by the red and blue light.
-What did Engelmann conclude about the congregation of bacteria in the red and blue areas?

Accepted Answer

A)  Bacteria released excess carbon dioxide in these areas. 
B)  Bacteria congregated in these areas due to an increase in the temperature of the red and blue light. 
C)  Bacteria congregated in these areas because these areas had the most oxygen being released. 
D)  Bacteria are attracted to red and blue light and thus these wavelengths are more reactive than other wavelengths. 
E)  Bacteria congregated in these areas due to an increase in the temperature caused by an increase in photosynthesis.

Question 2

The pH of the inner thylakoid space has been measured, as have the pH of the stroma and of the cytosol of a particular plant cell. Which, if any, relationship would you expect to find?

Accepted Answer

A)  The pH within the thylakoid is less than that of the stroma. 
B)  The pH of the stroma is lower than that of the other two measurements. 
C)  The pH of the stroma is higher than that of the thylakoid space but lower than that of the cytosol. 
D)  The pH of the thylakoid space is higher than that anywhere else in the cell. 
E)  There is no consistent relationship.

Question 3

The accumulation of free oxygen in Earth's atmosphere began

Accepted Answer

A)  with the origin of life and respiratory metabolism. 
B)  with the origin of photosynthetic bacteria that had photosystem I. 
C)  with the origin of cyanobacteria that had both photosystem I and photosystem II. 
D)  with the origin of chloroplasts in photosynthetic eukaryotic algae. 
E)  with the origin of land plants.

Question 4

In a plant cell, where are the ATP synthase complexes located?

Accepted Answer

A)  thylakoid membrane only 
B)  plasma membrane only 
C)  inner mitochondrial membrane only 
D)  thylakoid membrane and inner mitochondrial membrane 
E)  thylakoid membrane and plasma membrane

Question 5

When oxygen is released as a result of photosynthesis, it is a direct by-product of

Accepted Answer

A)  reducing NADP⁺. 
B)  splitting water molecules. 
C)  chemiosmosis. 
D)  the electron transfer system of photosystem I. 
E)  the electron transfer system of photosystem II.

Question 6

In a cyanobacterium, the reactions that produce NADPH occur in

Accepted Answer

A)  the light reactions alone. 
B)  the Calvin cycle alone. 
C)  both the light reactions and the Calvin cycle. 
D)  neither the light reactions nor the Calvin cycle. 
E)  the chloroplast, but is not part of photosynthesis.

Question 7

What are the products of linear photophosphorylation?

Accepted Answer

A)  heat and fluorescence 
B)  ATP and P700 
C)  ATP and NADPH 
D)  ADP and NADP 
E)  P700 and P680

Question 8

Photorespiration occurs when rubisco reacts RuBP with

Accepted Answer

A)  CO₂. 
B)  O₂. 
C)  glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate. 
D)  3-phosphoglycerate. 
E)  NADPH.

Question 9

Use the following figure and the compounds labeled A, B, C, D, and E to answer the following questions.
  
Figure 10.2
-If the carbon atom of the incoming CO₂ molecule is labeled with a radioactive isotope of carbon, which organic molecules will be radioactively labeled after one cycle?

Accepted Answer

A)  C only 
B)  B, C, D, and E 
C)  C, D, and E only 
D)  B and C only 
E)  B and D only

Question 10

If atmospheric CO₂ concentrations increase twofold or more, how will plants be affected, disregarding any changes in climate?

Accepted Answer

A)  All plants will experience increased rates of photosynthesis. 
B)  C₃ plants will have faster growth; C₄ plants will be minimally affected. 
C)  C₄ plants will have faster growth; C₃ plants will be minimally affected. 
D)  C₃ plants will have faster growth; C₄ plants will have slower growth. 
E)  Plant growth will not be affected because atmospheric CO₂ concentrations are never limiting for plant growth.

Question 11

Use the following figure and the compounds labeled A, B, C, D, and E to answer the following questions.
  
Figure 10.2
-Which molecule(s)of the Calvin cycle is (are)also found in glycolysis?

Accepted Answer

A)  B, C, E, and 3-phosphoglycerate 
B)  B, C, and E only 
C)  3-phosphoglycerate only 
D)  B, C, D, and 3-phosphoglycerate only 
E)  E only

Question 12

Figure 10.1
-What wavelength of light in the figure is most effective in driving photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

A)  420 mm 
B)  475 mm 
C)  575 mm 
D)  625 mm 
E)  730 mm

Question 13

Which of the following statements best represents the relationships between the light reactions and the Calvin cycle?

Accepted Answer

A)  The light reactions provide ATP and NADPH to the Calvin cycle, and the cycle returns ADP,  ᵢ, and NADP⁺ to the light reactions. 
B)  The light reactions provide ATP and NADPH to the carbon fixation step of the Calvin cycle, and the cycle provides water and electrons to the light reactions. 
C)  The light reactions supply the Calvin cycle with CO₂ to produce sugars, and the Calvin cycle supplies the light reactions with sugars to produce ATP. 
D)  The light reactions provide the Calvin cycle with oxygen for electron flow, and the Calvin cycle provides the light reactions with water to split. 
E)  There is no relationship between the light reactions and the Calvin cycle.

Question 14

Where do the enzymatic reactions of the Calvin cycle take place?

Accepted Answer

A)  stroma of the chloroplast 
B)  thylakoid membranes 
C)  matrix of the mitochondria 
D)  cytosol around the chloroplast 
E)  thylakoid space

Question 15

Which of the events listed below occurs in the light reactions of photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

A)  NADP is produced. 
B)  NADPH is reduced to NADP⁺. 
C)  Carbon dioxide is incorporated into PGA. 
D)  ATP is phosphorylated to yield ADP. 
E)  Light is absorbed and funneled to reaction-center chlorophyll a.

Question 16

Figure 10.3
-Referring to Figure 10.3, oxygen would inhibit the CO₂ fixation reactions in

Accepted Answer

A)  cell I only. 
B)  cell II only. 
C)  neither cell I nor cell II. 
D)  both cell I and cell II. 
E)  cell I during the night and cell II during the day.

Question 17

Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between photosynthesis and respiration?

Accepted Answer

A)  Respiration runs the biochemical pathways of photosynthesis in reverse. 
B)  Photosynthesis stores energy in complex organic molecules, whereas respiration releases it. 
C)  Photosynthesis occurs only in plants and respiration occurs only in animals. 
D)  ATP molecules are produced in photosynthesis and used up in respiration. 
E)  Respiration is anabolic and photosynthesis is catabolic.

Question 18

The phylogenetic distribution of the enzyme rubisco is limited to

Accepted Answer

A)  C₃ plants only. 
B)  C₃ and C₄ plants. 
C)  all photosynthetic eukaryotes. 
D)  all known photoautotrophs, both bacterial and eukaryotic. 
E)  all living cells.

Question 19

Reduction of NADP⁺ occurs during

Accepted Answer

A)  photosynthesis. 
B)  respiration. 
C)  both photosynthesis and respiration. 
D)  neither photosynthesis nor respiration. 
E)  photorespiration.

Question 20

CAM plants keep stomata closed in daytime, thus reducing loss of water. They can do this because they

Accepted Answer

A)  fix CO₂ into organic acids during the night. 
B)  fix CO₂ into sugars in the bundle-sheath cells. 
C)  fix CO₂ into pyruvate in the mesophyll cells. 
D)  use the enzyme phosphofructokinase, which outcompetes rubisco for CO₂. 
E)  use photosystem I and photosystem II at night.

Exam 10: Photosynthesis