Question 1

David Rosenhan argues that misdiagnosis is particularly a problem for psychologists, as a diagnosis of a mental illness is as influential on the patient as it is on their relatives and friends. It should not surprise anyone that the diagnosis acts as a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  act of tertiary deviance. 
B)  sign of structural strain. 
C)  gesture of passing. 
D)  self-fulfilling prophecy.

Question 2

Most sociological studies of deviance focus on elements of an individual's background that would make them more likely to act in deviant ways. What is the key problem with such an approach?

Accepted Answer

A)  It cannot explain why some people with very similar backgrounds act differently. 
B)  It requires a great deal of statistical analysis. 
C)  It focuses too much on the emotional appeal of certain types of crime. 
D)  It requires psychiatric evaluations.

Question 3

Corporal punishments like branding or amputation, commonly used in colonial America, were designed to

Accepted Answer

A)  encourage deviance but not crime. 
B)  mark the offender. 
C)  make the offender impossible to marry. 
D)  promote differential association theory.

Question 4

In what ways might a man experience stereotype promise in the nursing field?

Accepted Answer

The answer of In what ways might a man experience...

Question 5

In what ways is deviance a social judgment rather than a moral judgment?

Accepted Answer

The answer of In what ways is deviance a social...

Question 6

Crime statistics can sometimes be misleading. Explain some potential problems with crime statistics that draw conclusions about the criminal behavior of certain class, age, or ethnic groups.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Crime statistics can sometimes be misleading. Explain...

Question 7

A behavior, trait, or belief can be considered deviant if it violates a social norm and causes a negative reaction.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Why might teenagers shoplift, according to Jack Katz's Seductions of Crime?

Accepted Answer

A)  They feel strain between their means and the goals society tells them are desirable. 
B)  They want the thrill of getting away with breaking the rules. 
C)  They come from a low socioeconomic class. 
D)  Young people are inherently predisposed to crime.

Question 9

What makes a crime a hate crime? Why are hate crime statistics so unreliable?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What makes a crime a hate crime?...

Question 10

Who is MOST likely to commit murder according to the Uniform Crime Report?

Accepted Answer

A)  dating partner 
B)  friend or relative 
C)  stranger 
D)  gang member

Question 11

The Amish have neither the resources nor the desire to use prison as a sanction against members of their community who violate the rules. What sanction do they use instead?

Accepted Answer

A)  Offenders are flogged or put in stocks to be publicly humiliated for a short period of time. 
B)  Monetary fines are used for most norm violations. 
C)  They use meidung, or shunning, which is a process whereby community members will not associate with a rule breaker for a set period of time. 
D)  The offender is mandated to provide physical labor for the community.

Question 12

Samantha believes that corporations are not punished enough for polluting the planet, manufacturing unsafe products, and manipulating prices while, at the same time, homeless people are punished too much for crimes such as stealing food. She believes we should all have access to basic needs like food regardless of wealth. Samantha has taken a ________ perspective to explain the way deviance is viewed in society.

Accepted Answer

A)  structural functionalist 
B)  symbolic interactionist 
C)  conflict theory 
D)  retreatist

Question 13

Secondary deviance occurs when an individual acquires a deviant identity.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

A deviant label transitions from primary to secondary deviance when the deviant label is

Accepted Answer

A)  applied by a large number of people. 
B)  applied by someone very powerful. 
C)  internalized. 
D)  applied later in life.

Question 15

Brooke is a PhD candidate in the field of nanophysics. She is aware that only 4 percent of physics professionals are women. Brooke has heard peers and even instructors say that this is because women struggle to comprehend complex mathematics. What may Brooke be experiencing when she scores below her male counterparts on an exam?

Accepted Answer

A)  stereotype promise 
B)  self-fulfilling prophecy 
C)  tertiary deviance 
D)  stereotype threat

Question 16

An educator is disgusted with teaching methods that lead students to simply gain a credential rather than actually learn about the world. She decides to start a charter school that employs innovative teaching methods, doesn't give students grades, and encourages creative thinking over rote learning. How would Robert Merton's strain theory of deviance classify this educator?

Accepted Answer

A)  as an innovator 
B)  as a ritualist 
C)  as a rebel 
D)  as a retreatist

Question 17

A man tries to find unconventional and even illegal ways of making money. Into what category does this fit, according to Robert Merton's typology?

Accepted Answer

A)  ritualism 
B)  rebellion 
C)  innovation 
D)  retreatism

Question 18

Explain the concept of cash register honesty. Provide two examples to support your answer.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain the concept of cash register honesty....

Question 19

A researcher examines the effects of learning communities on a college campus. In these communities, students live in a small dorm hall together, have one faculty advisor, attend a first-year seminar together, and participate in social activities together. After completing her study, the researcher finds that compared to students living in regular dorms or off-campus, students in these communities are less likely to engage in either academic cheating or underage drinking and have fewer disciplinary actions on their records. Which sociological perspective best explains this finding?

Accepted Answer

A)  conflict theory 
B)  social control theory 
C)  structural strain theory 
D)  structural functionalism

Question 20

________ suggests that individuals learn to be deviant by interacting with others who are already deviant.

Accepted Answer

A)  Conflict theory 
B)  Self-fulfilling prophecy 
C)  Differential association theory 
D)  Labeling theory

Exam 6: Deviance