Question 1

Cross-sectional studies show that the cardiovascular variable responsible for the large variation in VO2 max in the normal population is maximal

Accepted Answer

A)   heart rate.
B)   stroke volume.
C)   arteriovenous O2 difference.
D)   systolic blood pressure. B

Question 2

Following endurance training, maximal cardiac output during exercise is increased due to an increase in ventricular muscle tissue thickness.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 3

Lactate removal is greater following an endurance training program because blood flow to muscle is decreased, and liver blood flow is increased at the same work rate.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 4

The increase in the maximal a-vO2 difference is due to all of the following except:

Accepted Answer

A)   an increase in mitochondria in the muscle.
B)   an increase in capillaries in the muscle.
C)   an increase in hemoglobin.
D)   all of these account for the increased a-vO2 difference.

Question 5

Following endurance training, afterload decreases during maximal exercise because there is a decrease in sympathetic vasoconstrictor activity in the arterioles of the exercising muscles.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Following endurance training, maximal stroke volume is enhanced by an increased

Accepted Answer

A)   end systolic volume.
B)   venous return.
C)   maximal heart rate.
D)   afterload.

Question 7

Endurance training results in increased mitochondrial and capillary density in muscle but has no effect on muscle glycolytic capacity. This is an example of what training principle?

Accepted Answer

A)   overload
B)   specificity
C)   reversibility
D)   none of the above

Question 8

In terms of the factors that limit VO2 max, improvements elicited by endurance training generally first affect ____________, and then ___________ after several weeks/months.

Accepted Answer

A)   a-vO2 difference; cardiac output
B)   cardiac output; a-vO2 difference

Question 9

Following training, if the increase in maximal cardiac output is balanced with a decrease in peripheral resistance, the mean arterial blood pressure will

Accepted Answer

A)   increase.
B)   decrease.
C)   remain the same.

Question 10

Which of the following training adaptations does not result in lower lactate production?

Accepted Answer

A)   increased glycogen utilization.
B)   increased H form of LDH.
C)   increased mitochondrial uptake of pyruvate.
D)   decreased pyruvate formation.

Question 11

The initial decrease in VO2 max with detraining occurs because skeletal muscle adaptations (a-vO2 difference) are lost.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

The increase in VO2 max following training is caused by an increase in

Accepted Answer

A)   maximal stroke volume only.
B)   maximal a-vO2 difference only.
C)   both maximal stroke volume and maximal a-vO2 difference.
D)   maximal heart rate only.

Question 13

In the first 10 weeks of a resistance training program, the gains in strength are due primarily to

Accepted Answer

A)   neural adaptations.
B)   hypertrophy.
C)   hyperplasia.
D)   increased muscle fiber size.

Question 14

The enhanced capacity of the trained muscle to use fatty acids as a fuel results in

Accepted Answer

A)   decreased lactate formation.
B)   decreased utilization of muscle glycogen.
C)   sparing of blood glucose.
D)   all of the above.

Question 15

Reducing the number of motor units required to perform an exercise task may reduce the heart rate and ventilation required to perform the task.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

The majority of evidence demonstrates that resistance training-induced muscle hypertrophy is the result of muscle fiber hyperplasia.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

The changes in the heart rate and ventilatory responses to a fixed submaximal work rate are lower after an endurance training program. These changes are due primarily to changes in the

Accepted Answer

A)   lung and heart.
B)   central nervous system.
C)   active skeletal muscles.

Question 18

In a "two-legged" maximal cycle ergometer test, if each leg were to vasodilate to the extent experienced in a one-legged VO2 max test, mean arterial blood pressure would fall below normal levels.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

The average VO2 max value for the young male sedentary population is

Accepted Answer

A)   22 ml . kg-1 .min-1.
B)   35 ml .kg-1 .min-1.
C)   45 ml .kg-1.0 min-1.
D)   83 ml . kg-1. min-1.

Question 20

Following an endurance training program, the oxygen deficit is smaller when the subject does the same work task. This is due to

Accepted Answer

A)   an increased cardiac output.
B)   increases in the number of mitochondria and capillaries.
C)   an increased heart rate.
D)   a greater anaerobic capacity.

Exam 14: The Physiology of Training: Effect on Vo2 Max, Performance, and Strength

Cross-sectional studies show that the cardiovascular variable responsible for the large variation in VO₂ max in the normal population is maximal

Following endurance training, maximal cardiac output during exercise is increased due to an increase in ventricular muscle tissue thickness.

Lactate removal is greater following an endurance training program because blood flow to muscle is decreased, and liver blood flow is increased at the same work rate.

The increase in the maximal a-vO₂ difference is due to all of the following except:

Following endurance training, afterload decreases during maximal exercise because there is a decrease in sympathetic vasoconstrictor activity in the arterioles of the exercising muscles.

Following endurance training, maximal stroke volume is enhanced by an increased

Endurance training results in increased mitochondrial and capillary density in muscle but has no effect on muscle glycolytic capacity. This is an example of what training principle?

In terms of the factors that limit VO₂ max, improvements elicited by endurance training generally first affect __, and then _ after several weeks/months.

Following training, if the increase in maximal cardiac output is balanced with a decrease in peripheral resistance, the mean arterial blood pressure will

Which of the following training adaptations does not result in lower lactate production?

The initial decrease in VO₂ max with detraining occurs because skeletal muscle adaptations (a-vO₂ difference) are lost.

The increase in VO₂ max following training is caused by an increase in

In the first 10 weeks of a resistance training program, the gains in strength are due primarily to

The enhanced capacity of the trained muscle to use fatty acids as a fuel results in

Reducing the number of motor units required to perform an exercise task may reduce the heart rate and ventilation required to perform the task.

The majority of evidence demonstrates that resistance training-induced muscle hypertrophy is the result of muscle fiber hyperplasia.

The changes in the heart rate and ventilatory responses to a fixed submaximal work rate are lower after an endurance training program. These changes are due primarily to changes in the

In a "two-legged" maximal cycle ergometer test, if each leg were to vasodilate to the extent experienced in a one-legged VO₂ max test, mean arterial blood pressure would fall below normal levels.

The average VO₂ max value for the young male sedentary population is

Following an endurance training program, the oxygen deficit is smaller when the subject does the same work task. This is due to